The present invention is directed to clay composites comprising at least one polycation attached to the clay surface and at least one aldehyde degrading microorganism and uses thereof for removal of aldehyde from aldehyde containing environments.

The present invention is directed to clay composites comprising at least one polycation attached to the clay surface and at least one aldehyde degrading microorganism and uses thereof for removal of aldehyde from aldehyde containing environments.

A hierarchical catalyst composition comprising a continuous or particulate macroporous scaffold in which is incorporated mesoporous aggregates of magnetic nanoparticles, wherein an enzyme is embedded in mesopores of the mesoporous aggregates of magnetic nanoparticles. Methods for synthesizing the hierarchical catalyst composition are also described. Also described are processes that use the recoverable hierarchical catalyst composition for depolymerizing lignin, remediation of water contaminated with aromatic substances, polymerizing monomers by a free-radical mechanism, epoxidation of alkenes, halogenation of phenols, inhibiting growth and function of microorganisms in a solution, and carbon dioxide conversion to methanol. Further described are methods for increasing the space time yield and/or total turnover number of a liquid-phase chemical reaction that includes magnetic particles to facilitate the chemical reaction, the method comprising subjecting the chemical reaction to a plurality of magnetic fields of selected magnetic strength, relative position in the chemical reaction, and relative motion.

The invention relates to immobilized enzyme compositions for the preparation of a hexose. Hexoses include, for example, tagatose, psicose, fructose, allose, mannose, galactose, altrose, talose, sorbose, gulose, idose, and inositol. The invention also relates to an enzymatic process for preparing a hexose from a saccharide by contacting a starch derivative with an immobilized enzyme composition of the invention.

The invention relates to immobilized enzyme compositions for the preparation of a hexose. Hexoses include, for example, tagatose, psicose, fructose, allose, mannose, galactose, altrose, talose, sorbose, gulose, idose, and inositol. The invention also relates to an enzymatic process for preparing a hexose from a saccharide by contacting a starch derivative with an immobilized enzyme composition of the invention.

An immobilized enzyme fiber reactor includes a plurality a fibers disposed within a hollow conduit. The fibers have an enzyme, such as a phospholipase, attached thereto. The enzymes can be attached to the fibers via an anchor group and, optionally, a bifunctional crosslinker. The enzymes can be applied, stripped, and reapplied without disassembling the reactor or discarding the fibers. The immobilized enzyme fiber reactor can be used to treat oils including phospholipids, such as soybean oil, and reduce an impurity content thereof.

An immobilized enzyme fiber reactor includes a plurality a fibers disposed within a hollow conduit. The fibers have an enzyme, such as a phospholipase, attached thereto. The enzymes can be attached to the fibers via an anchor group and, optionally, a bifunctional crosslinker. The enzymes can be applied, stripped, and reapplied without disassembling the reactor or discarding the fibers. The immobilized enzyme fiber reactor can be used to treat oils including phospholipids, such as soybean oil, and reduce an impurity content thereof.

Disclosed herein is a porous membrane having an immobilized enzyme wherein the enzyme is immobilized within pores which are three-dimensionally connected to each other. The porous membrane having the immobilized enzyme is three-dimensionally crosslinked in a molecular level wherein nanopores of 5 to 100 nm are interconnected, so that the immobilized enzyme may be in contact with a reactant in all directions, and the reaction solution may be easily diffused, thereby proceeding with the catalytic reaction fast and conveniently without deterioration of material transport.

A hierarchical catalyst composition comprising a continuous or particulate macroporous scaffold in which is incorporated mesoporous aggregates of magnetic nanoparticles, wherein an enzyme is embedded in mesopores of the mesoporous aggregates of magnetic nanoparticles. Methods for synthesizing the hierarchical catalyst composition are also described. Also described are processes that use the recoverable hierarchical catalyst composition for depolymerizing lignin, remediation of water contaminated with aromatic substances, polymerizing monomers by a free-radical mechanism, epoxidation of alkenes, halogenation of phenols, inhibiting growth and function of microorganisms in a solution, and carbon dioxide conversion to methanol. Further described are methods for increasing the space time yield and/or total turnover number of a liquid-phase chemical reaction that includes magnetic particles to facilitate the chemical reaction, the method comprising subjecting the chemical reaction to a plurality of magnetic fields of selected magnetic strength, relative position in the chemical reaction, and relative motion.

A hierarchical catalyst composition comprising a continuous or particulate macroporous scaffold in which is incorporated mesoporous aggregates of magnetic nanoparticles, wherein an enzyme is embedded in mesopores of the mesoporous aggregates of magnetic nanoparticles. Methods for synthesizing the hierarchical catalyst composition are also described. Also described are processes that use the recoverable hierarchical catalyst composition for depolymerizing lignin, remediation of water contaminated with aromatic substances, polymerizing monomers by a free-radical mechanism, epoxidation of alkenes, halogenation of phenols, inhibiting growth and function of microorganisms in a solution, and carbon dioxide conversion to methanol. Further described are methods for increasing the space time yield and/or total turnover number of a liquid-phase chemical reaction that includes magnetic particles to facilitate the chemical reaction, the method comprising subjecting the chemical reaction to a plurality of magnetic fields of selected magnetic strength, relative position in the chemical reaction, and relative motion.