The present invention provides to a method for the introducing polynucleotide molecules into fungal spores comprising exposing a mixture of fungal spores and magnetic nanoparticles carrying the polynucleotide to a magnet and/or a magnetic field. The present invention also provides a method for transformation a fungus comprising the steps of the method steps disclosed herein and allowing the integration of said polynucleotide molecules into the genome of said spores, thereby transforming the spore. The present invention also provides a system for delivery of nucleic acids to fungal spores comprising magnetic nanoparticles loaded with nucleic acids, a kit for transformation of fungal spores with a polynucleotide comprising MNPs loaded with the polynucleotide and fungal spores as well as a composition comprising MNPs loaded with nucleic acid molecules and fungal spores.

The present invention provides to a method for the introducing polynucleotide molecules into fungal spores comprising exposing a mixture of fungal spores and magnetic nanoparticles carrying the polynucleotide to a magnet and/or a magnetic field. The present invention also provides a method for transformation a fungus comprising the steps of the method steps disclosed herein and allowing the integration of said polynucleotide molecules into the genome of said spores, thereby transforming the spore. The present invention also provides a system for delivery of nucleic acids to fungal spores comprising magnetic nanoparticles loaded with nucleic acids, a kit for transformation of fungal spores with a polynucleotide comprising MNPs loaded with the polynucleotide and fungal spores as well as a composition comprising MNPs loaded with nucleic acid molecules and fungal spores.

A mutant strain of a filamentous fungus of the genus Trichoderma having a reduced function of a polypeptide consisting of the amino acid sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 2; and a method of producing a sugar from a cellulose-containing biomass, the method including: step a of producing a cellulase by cultivating a Trichoderma reesei mutant strain having a reduced function of a polypeptide consisting of the amino acid sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 2, and step b of saccharifying the biomass by using the cellulase obtained in the step a.

Polynucleotides and polypeptides useful in the manufacture of a class of chemical compounds known as alkaloids are provided. The polynucleotides and polypeptides may be used to synthesize alkaloids, including reticuline, thebaine and morphine, in vivo and in vitro. The polynucleotides further may be used to examine the presence of the polynucleotides in a cell or a cell extract, and to modulate expression thereof in living cells.

Polynucleotides and polypeptides useful in the manufacture of a class of chemical compounds known as alkaloids are provided. The polynucleotides and polypeptides may be used to synthesize alkaloids, including reticuline, thebaine and morphine, in vivo and in vitro. The polynucleotides further may be used to examine the presence of the polynucleotides in a cell or a cell extract, and to modulate expression thereof in living cells.

The present disclosure provides polypeptides having aminopeptidase activity and isolated nucleic acid sequences encoding the polypeptides. In some embodiments, the disclosure also provides to nucleic acid constructs, vectors, and host cells comprising the nucleic acid sequences as well as methods for producing the polypeptides. In some embodiments, the present disclosure further provides to methods of obtaining protein hydrolysates useful as flavor improving agents.

The present disclosure provides polypeptides having aminopeptidase activity and isolated nucleic acid sequences encoding the polypeptides. In some embodiments, the disclosure also provides to nucleic acid constructs, vectors, and host cells comprising the nucleic acid sequences as well as methods for producing the polypeptides. In some embodiments, the present disclosure further provides to methods of obtaining protein hydrolysates useful as flavor improving agents.

Disclosed are transformed cells comprising one or more genetic modifications that affect the lipid content of the cell, e.g., by increasing the concentration of oleic acid in the cell relative to an unmodified cell of the same type. Also disclosed are methods for modifying the lipid content of a cell by increasing the activity of one or more proteins in the cell and/or by decreasing the activity of one or more proteins in the same cell.

Disclosed are transformed cells comprising one or more genetic modifications that affect the lipid content of the cell, e.g., by increasing the concentration of oleic acid in the cell relative to an unmodified cell of the same type. Also disclosed are methods for modifying the lipid content of a cell by increasing the activity of one or more proteins in the cell and/or by decreasing the activity of one or more proteins in the same cell.

The present invention relates to host cells and their use wherein the host cells are capable of producing D-ribulose and incapable of or have a reduced capability of converting D-ribulose to a molecule other than ribitol, wherein the host cells comprise a heterologous nucleic acid sequence encoding a polypeptide capable of converting D-ribulose to ribitol with a cofactor preference for NADPH.