The present invention relates to a vector system for transformation of Chlorella vulgaris, a Chlorella vulgaris transformation method using same, and a Chlorella vulgaris transformant.

Macrocarriers with a hydrophobic and/or proteinaceous coating are disclosed. Such coated macrocarriers can increase transfer efficiency of microcarriers into targeted cells when used in a biolistic particle delivery device.

The present invention relates to activatable promoters, as well as expression systems, vectors, delivery systems, reaction vessels, aqueous objects and compositions comprising said activatable promoters. The invention also provides compositions comprising assemblies and networks of aqueous objects comprising said activatable promoters. The invention additionally provides methods of expressing a transcript and methods of expressing a polypeptide using the activatable promoters of the invention. The invention further provides phospholipid mixtures, as well as aqueous objects and compositions comprising said phospholipid mixtures.

The present invention relates to activatable promoters, as well as expression systems, vectors, delivery systems, reaction vessels, aqueous objects and compositions comprising said activatable promoters. The invention also provides compositions comprising assemblies and networks of aqueous objects comprising said activatable promoters. The invention additionally provides methods of expressing a transcript and methods of expressing a polypeptide using the activatable promoters of the invention. The invention further provides phospholipid mixtures, as well as aqueous objects and compositions comprising said phospholipid mixtures

The present invention addresses the problem of providing a bubble ejection method based on a new principle that is different from conventional bubble ejection methods and a bubble ejecting device. To solve the problem, provided is a bubble ejection method using a bubble ejecting device, wherein the bubble ejecting device comprises a substrate formed of a dielectric, at least one bubble ejection hole formed so as to penetrate through a first face and a second face, which is a face opposite to the first face, of the substrate, a first opening formed at a position of the first face at which the bubble ejection hole penetrates, and a second opening formed at a position of the second face at which the bubble ejection hole penetrates, the bubble ejection method comprising: a substrate-conductive liquid contact step; a conductive liquid-electrode contact step; a voltage application step; and a bubble ejection step.

A system comprised of customized nanoscopic projectiles directed to target cells. Projectiles are metered into a central force accelerator, comprised of hundreds to thousands of concurrent channels. Asperities of the channels' surface, transferring momentum from the central force accelerator to the projectiles, are atomic level asperities. Projectiles penetrate to target cells, deliver chemicals, without using the organism's circulatory system, resulting in cells being altered; killed if cancerous, modified by genetic materials contained in projectiles, and enhanced in performance by projectiles loaded with content to assist in cellular purposes.