The present invention provides a process for controlling the production of ethanol by microbial fermentation of gaseous substrates. More specifically, a process is provided for controlling ethanol productivity through addition of vitamins. In accordance with the process, vitamins B1, B5 and B7 are added in amounts that increase specific ethanol productivity.

A method for producing a recombinant polypeptide, comprising: (a) providing a 100 L to 25,000 L fed-batch bioreactor comprising (i) cells capable of expressing the recombinant polypeptide asfotase alfa (SEQ ID NO: 1), and (ii) a culture medium suitable for conducting such expression, the culture medium comprising about 25 μM to about 300 μM zinc; (b) culturing the cells under conditions suitable to express the recombinant asfotase alfa wherein the pH of the culture medium is about 6.7 to about 7.1, and wherein zinc is added into said culture medium such that the zinc concentration in the culture medium is maintained at a concentration of about 25 μM to about 300 μM of zinc.

The specification describes an improved serum-free animal cell culture medium, which can used for the production of a protein of interest. Ornithine, or a combination of ornithine and putrescine can be added to serum-free media or chemically defined media to improve viable cell density, to reduce cell doubling time, and to increase the production of a protein of interest.

A cell culture medium comprising adenosine triphosphate; a carrier protein; cholesterol, linoleic acid, and lipoic acid; glutathione; at least one nucleotide salvage pathway precursor base; phosphoethanolamine; selenium; transferrin; triiodothyronine; all-trans-retinoic acid (ATRA) and vitamin C; zinc, magnesium, and copper; an agent that increases intracellular cAMP; epidermal growth factor (EGF); hydrocortisone; insulin; and charcoal stripped fetal bovine serum, wherein said cell culture medium is substantially free, if not entirely free, of vitamin D, androgenic hormones, androgenic ligands, estrogenic hormones, estrogenic ligands, and/or androgenic receptors.

Compositions and methods of producing mammalian cell populations that include a high proportion of pancreatic beta cells are described herein. Such cell populations are useful for treatment of diabetes. Also provided are materials and methods for the direct differentiation of stem cells, such as embryonic stem cells, into functional pancreatic beta cells. The disclosure provides the benefit of direct differentiation, which results in the production of functional pancreatic beta cells efficiently and at low cost.

In accordance with the present invention, CHO cells expressing a recombinant polypeptide of interest are grown in media where the amino acids, vitamins, phosphate, lipids and/or antioxidant optimization is utilized to manipulate and/or control the protein quality attributes of the polypeptides. Polypeptides expressed in accordance with the present invention may be advantageously used in the preparation of pharmaceutical compositions.

A method of controlling red blood cell production includes contacting red blood cell precursors with a composition including a zinc chelator, a composition including an inhibitor of a zinc importer protein, or a combination thereof; wherein the contacting inhibits survival of the red blood cell precursors, inhibits terminal differentiation of the red blood cell precursors to mature red blood cells, or a combination thereof.

The present invention relates to the field of fermentation biotechnology, more particularly to methods for the fermentative production of massoia lactone by Aureobasidium species.

In accordance with the present invention, CHO cells expressing a recombinant polypeptide of interest are grown in media where the amino acids, vitamins, phosphate, lipids and/or antioxidant optimization is utilized to manipulate and/or control the protein quality attributes of the polypeptides. Polypeptides expressed in accordance with the present invention may be advantageously used in the preparation of pharmaceutical compositions.

A culture for the fermentative production of Massoia lactone comprising an Aureobasidium melanogenum species in a culture medium, wherein the Aureobasidium melanogenum species expresses no functional Aureobasidin A synthase gene mRNA when cultured, the culture medium including KH.sub.2PO.sub.4, Na.sub.2HPO.sub.4, (NH.sub.4).sub.2SO.sub.4, MgSO.sub.4.Math.7H.sub.2O and CaCl.sub.2.Math.2H.sub.2O; at least two trace elements selected from the group consisting of Fe.sup.2+, Cu.sup.2+, Zn.sup.2+ and MoO.sub.4.sup.2−; urea; and a carbon source selected from the group consisting of glucose, mannose, xylose and mixtures thereof, wherein the culture medium has a pH from 5.5 to 6.5.