A guidewire system comprises a guidewire supporting a distal ferrule in the proximal end of a guidewire lumen. The distal ferrule has a ferrule opening that is sized to snuggly receive the proximal end of a distal optical fiber with a distal portion of the distal optical fiber extending into the guidewire lumen. However, the proximal end of the distal optical fiber only occupies a distal portion of the opening in the distal ferrule, leaving a proximal portion of that opening unoccupied. That way, the distal end of a proximal optical fiber can be received into the unoccupied proximal portion of the opening in the distal ferrule to optically connect to the distal optical fiber. Having the proximal and distal optical fibers coaxially aligned in a common opening in a ferrule received in a guidewire ensures that the optical fibers are optically connected to each other in a precise manner so that light can be transmitted along them with minimal losses.

A system for non-invasively measuring an analyte in a vehicle driver and controlling a vehicle based on a measurement of the analyte. At least one solid-state light source is configured to emit different wavelengths of light. A sample device is configured to introduce the light emitted by the at least one solid-state light source into tissue of the vehicle driver. One or more optical detectors are configured to detect a portion of the light that is not absorbed by the tissue of the vehicle driver. A controller is configured to calculate a measurement of the analyte in the tissue of the vehicle driver based on the light detected by the one or more optical detectors, determine whether the measurement of the analyte in the tissue of the vehicle driver exceeds a pre-determined value, and provide a signal to a device configured to control the vehicle.

A system for measuring an analyte within a cerebral venous blood flow is provided. The system includes an excitation light source, a light delivery element, an ultrasound receiving mechanism, and a controller. The excitation light source is configured to produce one or more wavelengths operable to cause an analyte to photoacoustically produce at least one ultrasonic signal. The light delivery element is disposed on a posterior region of a human head, and receives light from the light source. The ultrasound receiving mechanism is disposed on an anterior region of the head. The mechanism includes at least one ultrasonic receiver. The controller is configured to control the excitation light source to selectively produce the excitation light, and to measure an amount of the analyte present within the cerebral venous blood flow.

A mammography device is disclosed. The mammography device includes a container configured to surround the breast and a plurality of optical fibers attached to be directed inward in the container and configured to perform radiation and detection of light. The container has a base member having an opening, a plurality of annular members continuously disposed to come in communication with the opening, and a bottom member disposed inside the annular member spaced the farthest distance from the base member. The annular members and the bottom member are configured to relatively displace the adjacent annular member on the side of the base member or the base member in a communication direction. Some of the plurality of optical fibers is attached to the plurality of annular members.

An optical system operating in the near or short-wave infrared wavelength range identifies an object based on water absorption. The system comprises a light source with modulated light emitting diodes operating at wavelengths near 1090 and 1440 nanometers, corresponding to lower and higher water absorption. The system further comprises one or more wavelength selective filters and a housing that is further coupled to an electrical circuit and a processor. The detection system comprises photodetectors that are synchronized to the light source, and the detection system receives at least a portion of light reflected from the object. The system is configured to identify the object by comparing the reflected light at the first and second wavelength to generate an output value, and then comparing the output value to a threshold. The optical system may be further coupled to a wearable device or a remote sensing system with a time-of-flight sensor.

This relates to systems and methods for determining one or more of a user's physiological signals. The one or more of the user's physiological signals can be determined by measuring pulsatile blood volume changes. Motion artifacts included in the signals can be canceled or reduced by measuring non-pulsatile blood volume changes and adjusting the signal to account for the non-pulsatile blood information. Non-pulsatile blood volume changes can be measured using at least one set of light emitter-light sensor. The light emitter can be located in close proximity (e.g., less than or equal to 1 mm away) to the light sensor, thereby limiting light emitted by the light emitter to blood volume without interacting with one or more blood vessels and/or arterioles. In some examples, the systems can further include an accelerometer configured to measure the user's acceleration, and the acceleration signal can be additionally be used for compensating for motion artifacts.

Provided herein are the systems, methods, components for a three-dimensional tomography system. The system is a dual-modality imaging system that incorporates a laser ultrasonic system and a laser optoacoustic system. The dual-modality imaging system generates tomographic images of a volume of interest in a subject body based on speed of sound, ultrasound attenuation and/or ultrasound backscattering and for generating optoacoustic tomographic images of distribution of the optical absorption coefficient in the subject body based on absorbed optical energy density or various quantitative parameters derivable therefrom. Also provided is a method for increasing contrast, resolution and accuracy of quantitative information obtained within a subject utilizing the dual-modality imaging system. The method comprises producing an image of an outline boundary of a volume of interest and generating spatially or temporally coregistered images based on speed of sound and/or ultrasonic attenuation and on absorbed optical energy within the outlined volume.

A smart ring includes a curved housing having a U-shape interior storing components including: a curved battery approximately conforming to the curved housing, a semi-flexible PCB approximately conforming to the curved housing and having mounted thereon: a motion sensor for generating motion data from physical perturbations of the smart ring, a memory for storing executable instructions, a transceiver for sending data to a client computer, a temperature sensor, and a processor for receiving motion data and performing executable instructions in response thereto, and a potting material disposed in the interior, forming an interior wall of the smart ring, wherein the potting material encapsulates the components and is substantially transparent to visible light, infrared light, and/or ultraviolet light.

A monitoring device includes a band configured to be secured around an appendage of a subject, and a sensor module secured to the band via supporting material. The band has a first Durometer value, and the supporting material has a second Durometer value that is lower than the first Durometer value. The sensor module includes a housing, and a sensor assembly disposed within the housing. The sensor assembly includes at least one energy emitter and at least one energy detector, and the housing includes at least one protrusion extending outwardly to accommodate the at least one energy emitter, and a plurality of outwardly extending stabilizing members.

A beam-shaping optical system includes a sheath defining a central cavity having an inner wall, an optical fiber positioned within the cavity and engaged with the inner wall of the sheath, and a beam-shaping insert positioned within the sheath and engaged with the inner wall of the sheath. The beam-shaping insert includes a beam-shaping element with a reflective element aligned with an optical axis of the optical fiber. The optical fiber is configured to emit an electromagnetic beam toward the beam-shaping element and the beam-shaping element is configured to reflect the electromagnetic beam externally to the beam-shaping insert.