A method is provided that includes injecting, from a first side of a bone, through (a) exactly one bore that passes through the bone from the first side to a second side of the bone, and (b) into a cavity adjacent to the second side of the bone, a solid-liquid composition of solid particles and a physiological liquid solution. The physiological liquid solution is drained from the cavity and through the bore while passage of the solid particles of the solid-liquid composition is inhibited, such that the solid particles accumulate in the cavity.

An osteotome is shaped so as to define (a) a lumen through the osteotome, a distal end of the lumen opening through a distal opening disposed within 10 mm of a distal end of the osteotome, and a proximal end of the lumen opening through a proximal opening disposed at least 5 mm proximal to the distal opening, (b) a lateral external surface, at least a portion of which is shaped so as to define a screw thread that (i) has a distal thread end that is disposed within 10 mm of the distal end of the osteotome, and (ii) comprises one or more raised helical ribs going around the osteotome, and (c) one or more longitudinal drainage slots, which extend along at least respective longitudinal portions of the osteotome having respective longitudinal lengths of at least 5 mm, measured parallel to a central longitudinal axis of the osteotome.

An orthodontic system includes an orthodontic bracket that has a base configured to be attached to a surface of a tooth. The bracket includes a first member and a second member attached to the base, the first and second members being spaced apart to define an archwire slot configured to receive an archwire having indentations. The first member includes a first gear that partially protrudes into the archwire slot, the first gear configured to engage some of the indentations on the archwire.

An orthodontic system includes an orthodontic arch wire having a shape that corresponds to a dental arch, the arch wire having a first end portion that has a first series of grooves. In some examples, the first end portion has a second series of grooves, and the first and second series of grooves are positioned on opposite sides of the first end portion. In some examples, a bracket can be provided in which the bracket has a first gear and a second gear, the first gear is configured to engage the first series of grooves and the second gear is configured to engage the second series of grooves, enabling one or both of the first and second gears to drive the first end portion and provide a force along a longitudinal direction of the arch wire.

An orthodontic system includes an orthodontic bracket that defines an arch wire slot. The bracket includes a gear system, a motor to drive the gear system, and an integrated circuit to control the motor, an arch wire placed in the arch wire slot, and a computer server to send instructions to the integrated circuit in the orthodontic bracket. The integrated circuit is configured to control the motor according to the instructions from the computer server to drive the gear system to apply a force to the arch wire.

An orthodontic appliance includes a first orthodontic bracket having a first gear module, a second orthodontic bracket having a second gear module, and a first archwire segment having a first portion and a second portion. The first portion of the archwire segment is coupled to the first orthodontic bracket, the second portion of the archwire segment is coupled to the second orthodontic bracket. The first gear module is configured to provide a first force to the first portion of the first archwire segment, the second gear module is configured to provide a second force to the second portion of the first archwire segment, and the first gear module is configured to provide the first force independently of the second gear module.

An orthodontic system includes an orthodontic bracket that has a base configured to be attached to a surface of a tooth. The bracket includes a rotatable module having a first member and a second member, the rotatable module being rotatably coupled to the base, the first and second members being spaced apart to define an archwire slot configured to receive an archwire. The base includes a miniature gear system to drive the rotatable module relative to the base.

An orthodontic system includes at least one orthodontic bracket attached to a surface of a tooth, in which the bracket define an archwire slot for receiving an archwire. The bracket includes a gear system, a motor to drive the gear system, and an integrated circuit to control the motor. A computer server sends instructions to the integrated circuit in the orthodontic bracket, and the integrated circuit controls the motor according to the instructions to drive the gear system to apply a force to the archwire.

An apparatus for tooth stain removal is presented. The invention comprises a powered device with a chisel tip at its distal end, a body at its proximal end and an electric motor housed within the body for driving the chisel tip. The chisel tip has a proximal end removably coupled to the body and an exposed distal end along a generally longitudinal axis. The chisel tip comprises a pointed end on a first side for cleaning area between teeth and a broad cleaning surface on a second side for cleaning the main surface of each tooth. The chisel tip operates in a reciprocating motion driven by the electric motor. The reciprocating motion repeatedly moves the chisel tip in a back and forth direction by a finite displacement along the chisel tip's longitudinal axis.

An apparatus for controlling asymmetrical coasting of an endodontic reciprocating motor includes a controller operatively connected to the endodontic motor. The controller may include a processing unit that is configured to direct the rotation of the endodontic motor in the forward direction for a coast time and configured to direct the rotation of the endodontic motor in the reverse direction for a coast time. The forward coast time is separately calculated from the reverse coast time. A method for asymmetrically coasting a reciprocating endodontic motor includes rotating an endodontic motor in a forward direction and calculating a forward coast time for the forward direction and coasting the endodontic motor in the forward direction for the calculated forward coast time. After coasting the endodontic motor in the forward direction, the endodontic motor is rotated in a reverse direction. The reverse coast time is different than the forward coast time.