A modular cord-less pen-style dental instrument comprising: (a) an elongated body for gripping and holding the instrument, which has a connector portion at the distal end thereof; (b) a wand portion having a proximal end adapted to be releasably connected to the connector portion at the distal end of the elongated body; wherein the dental instrument further comprises a heat flow barrier between the elongated body and the wand portion.

Chitosan nanoparticles are provided for use in the in vivo treatment of connective tissues in root canal therapies. The nanoparticles are optionally linked with one or more photoactivatable compounds for providing antibacterial/antibiofilm properties, neutralizing bacterial byproducts and/or chemical/photodynamic crosslinking to achieve enhanced mechanical properties, chemical stability in connective tissues and/or to improve surface/interfacial integrity between filling material and connective tissue.

Chitosan nanoparticles are provided for use in the in vivo treatment of connective tissues in root canal therapies. The nanoparticles are optionally linked with one or more photoactivatable compounds for providing antibacterial/antibiofilm properties, neutralizing bacterial byproducts and/or chemical/photodynamic crosslinking to achieve enhanced mechanical properties, chemical stability in connective tissues and/or to improve surface/interfacial integrity between filling material and connective tissue.

The invention relates to a method for sealing of a circumferentially closed canal. A closure element is secured to one free end of a light guide conducting a laser beam. The light guide with the closure element is introduced into the canal. The closure element is positioned in the region of the canal to be sealed and after positioning of the closure element energy is introduced, so that the closure element melts or softens and remains in this position in the canal and seals it tightly.

The invention relates to a method for sealing of a circumferentially closed canal. A closure element is secured to one free end of a light guide conducting a laser beam. The light guide with the closure element is introduced into the canal. The closure element is positioned in the region of the canal to be sealed and after positioning of the closure element energy is introduced, so that the closure element melts or softens and remains in this position in the canal and seals it tightly.

The invention relates to a heating device 10 for heating a dental material and a method for controlling the temperature of a dental material.

The invention relates to a heating device 10 for heating a dental material and a method for controlling the temperature of a dental material.

A method is proposed for root treatment of a tooth, by which gutta percha is introduced into the root canal. For this purpose, a gutta percha point (6) is inserted into the root canal and is subjected to pressure and heat by a plugger (5). The gutta percha point (6) is prefabricated with a length that corresponds to the distance of the apex of the root canal from the tip of the plugger (5) inserted as far as possible into the root canal.

A method is proposed for root treatment of a tooth, by which gutta percha is introduced into the root canal. For this purpose, a gutta percha point (6) is inserted into the root canal and is subjected to pressure and heat by a plugger (5). The gutta percha point (6) is prefabricated with a length that corresponds to the distance of the apex of the root canal from the tip of the plugger (5) inserted as far as possible into the root canal.

The invention relates to the application of photon energy to energize dental materials to enhance their physical handling characteristics, efficacy, ability to be delivered, reactivity, polymerization, and/or post-cure mechanical properties, among other attributes.