The present invention relates to equine influenza virus (EIV) isolates that when administered in vaccines to equine provide protection against currently emerging EIV strains in the U.S. The present invention also relates to inactivated EIV isolates. In addition, the present invention also relates to safe and efficacious vaccines that comprise the EIV isolates, as well as to corresponding subunit vaccines. The present invention further relates to methods of administering such safe and efficacious vaccines to equine.

The present invention relates to a recombinant nonstructural protein 1 (NS 1), a recombinant influenza virus and an immunological composition including the same, as well as a method of treating or preventing a disease or condition caused by or associated with an influenza virus in a subject in need thereof. At least one amino acid residue is mutated or deleted in 4 contiguous amino acid residues of TRAF3-interacting motifs (TIMs) within an effector domain of the recombinant NS 1. A recombinant influenza virus including the recombinant NS1 is comparable to the wild-type influenza virus in virus replication ability, and the recombinant influenza virus can elevate interferon activation of a subject for achieving better immune response and better immunological protection, leading in a method of treating or preventing a disease or condition caused by or associated with an influenza virus in a subject in need thereof.

Disclosed herein are compositions and methods related to mutant viruses, and in particular, mutant influenza viruses. The mutant viruses disclosed herein include a mutant M2 sequence, and are useful in immunogenic compositions, e.g., as vaccines. Also disclosed herein are methods, compositions and cells for propagating the viral mutants, and methods, devices and compositions related to vaccination.

Modified forms of hemagglutinin (HA) protein including those with modified immunodominant regions and with modified maturation cleavage sites, and virus and virus-like particles containing them are disclosed.

This disclosure provides immunogenic compositions and methods of producing immunogenic compositions sufficient to produce an antigen-specific immune response against variant influenza virus strains. Also provided herein are methods of identifying drug-resistant influenza virus strains.

Modified forms of hemagglutinin (HA) protein including those with modified immunodominant regions and with modified maturation cleavage sites, and virus and virus-like particles containing them are disclosed.

The present invention teaches a system and method for identifying, targeting and destroying cancer cells without harming healthy tissue. This invention uses a vector engineered virus to selectively seek out cells that are both hotter than normal with a pH factor that is lower than normal thereby identifying cells that are cancerous regardless of location. Cancer succeeds for two reasons: i) rapid growth and ii) failure of the body's immune system to recognize the aberrant cells. This novel approach of using a dual vectored virus creates a dominant preference for locating and attaching to cancer cells, eliminating the need for chemotherapy, radiation therapy, and most major surgeries.

Disclosed herein are compositions and methods related to mutant viruses, and in particular, mutant influenza viruses. The mutant viruses disclosed herein include mutant M2 sequences, mutant BM2 sequences, and are useful in immunogenic compositions, e.g., as a quadrivalent vaccines. Also disclosed herein are methods, compositions and cells for propagating the viral mutants, and methods, devices and compositions related to vaccination.

Modified influenza virus neuraminidases are described herein that have stabilized NA tetramers which may improve vaccine production efficiency, thus improving the yield of vaccine viruses.

RNA virus vectors comprising a gene encoding the DNA-dependent activator of interferon-regulatory factors (DAI) protein, and optionally further comprising a gene encoding the receptor-interacting serine/threonine-protein kinase 3 (RIPK3) may be used therapeutically to induce cell death, as well as an inflammatory immune response, against tumors and virally-infected cells.