Disclosed herein are compositions and methods related to mutant viruses, and in particular, mutant influenza viruses. The mutant viruses disclosed herein include a mutant M2 sequence, and are useful in immunogenic compositions, e.g., as vaccines. Also disclosed herein are methods, compositions and cells for propagating the viral mutants, and methods, devices and compositions related to vaccination.

Disclosed herein are influenza vaccine compositions, related preparations and intermediates, formulations, production methods, immunization methods, and use thereof, for achieving improved immune-protection in human subjects. More specifically, non-egg-based influenza vaccines are described, which provide improved antigenic match.

Methods to create barcoded influenza viruses without disrupting the function of the viral proteins and the proper packaging of the viral genome segments are described. The barcoded influenza viruses can be used within deep mutational scanning libraries to map influenza resistance mutations to therapeutic treatments. The libraries can also be used to predict influenza strains that may become resistant to therapeutic treatments and/or more easily evolve to infect new species. The libraries include features that allow efficient collection and assessment of informative data, obviating bottlenecks of previous approaches.

A fabric top for a convertible vehicle includes, in sequence: an outer cover layer, an insulating layer, an absorber layer and an inner cover layer. The absorber layer at 500 hz has an absorption coefficient of 10 to 65%, at 1000 hz has an absorption coefficient of 15 to 110%, at 2000 hz has an absorption coefficient of 33 to 115%, at 4000 hz has an absorption coefficient of 60 to 110% at 8000 hz has an absorption coefficient of 85 to 120%.

Modified influenza virus neuraminidases are described herein that improve viral replication, thus improving the yield of vaccine viruses. Expression of such modified neuraminidases by influenza virus may also stabilize co-expressed hemagglutinins so that the hemagglutinins do not undergo mutation or decrease the need for HA binding to cells.

The present invention relates to a method of preparing an influenza working virus seed stock, a method of increasing infectivity of an influenza working virus seed stock, a method of preparing an influenza vaccine using the seed stock, an influenza vaccine prepared by the method, and an influenza working virus seed stock having increased infectivity.

An isolated recombinant influenza virus is provided having PA, PB1, PB2, NP, NS, M, NA and HA viral segments, wherein the PB1 viral segment encodes a PB1 with a residue other than isoleucine at position 711 or the M viral segment encodes a M1 with a residue other than methionine at position 128, wherein the recombinant influenza virus has enhanced replication relative to a corresponding influenza virus having a PB1 viral segment that encodes a PB1 with an isoleucine at position 711 or having a M viral segment that encodes a M1 with methionine at position 128, as well as methods of making and using the virus.

The present invention relates to an immunogenic composition comprising: a) a modified live H3 virus of swine influenza, and b) a modified live H1 virus of swine influenza. Furthermore, the present invention relates to methods for immunizing a subject comprising administering to such subject the immunogenic composition of the present invention. Moreover, the present invention relates to methods of treating or preventing clinical signs caused by swine influenza virus in a subject of need, the method comprising administering to the subject a therapeutically effective amount of an immunogenic composition according to the present invention.

The present invention provides compositions and methods related to equine live-attenuated influenza vaccines.

The present invention discloses a replication-limited mucosal immune vaccine for influenza virus. The present invention first protects a mutant protein, which is obtained by mutating two amino acid residues of NS1 protein of influenza virus as follows: the amino acid residue at position 38 is mutated from arginine to alanine, and the amino acid residue at position 41 is mutated from lysine to alanine. The present invention also protects a recombinant virus, which is obtained by mutating the codons encoding two amino acid residues of NS1 protein in the influenza virus genome as follows: the codon for the amino acid residue at position 38 from the N-terminus is mutated from the arginine codon to an alanine codon, and the codon for the amino acid residue at position 41 from the N-terminus is mutated from the lysine codon to an alanine codon. The present invention also protects use of any one of the above-mentioned recombinant viruses for preparing a vaccine for influenza virus. The present invention has great application value for the prevention and treatment of influenza virus.