Provided herein are Stimulator of Interferon Genes (STING) ligand for use in enhancing immune response and/or as adjuvants in vaccines. In some embodiments, STING ligand is used alone or in combination with Alum in an adjuventation system for early life immunization.

The present disclosure provides a method of dispersing agglomerated material in a preparation comprising influenza proteins. The method comprises subjecting the preparation to sonication.

Disclosed herein are immunogenic compositions and vaccination regimes for immunizing humans against influenza disease.

A split influenza virus vaccine is adjuvanted with an oil-in-water emulsion that contains free surfactant in its aqueous phase. The free surfactant can continue to exert a ‘splitting effect’ on the antigen, thereby disrupting any unsplit virions and/or virion aggregates that might be present.

Formulations and methods, including vaccines and pharmaceutical compositions for inducing or enhancing an immune response are disclosed. The formulations generally comprise a TLR4 agonist and a metabolizable oil at a concentration of about 0.01%-1% v/v, wherein the hydrophobic:lipophilic balance (HLB) of the emusion is greater than about 9.

The present invention relates to vaccine products for the treatment or prevention of viral infections. Further provided are methods of reducing contaminants associated with the preparation of cell culture vaccines. Residual functional cell culture DNA is degraded by treatment with a DNA alkylating agent, such as β-propiolactone (BPL), thereby providing a vaccine comprising immunogenic proteins derived from a virus propagated on cell culture, substantially free of residual functional cell culture DNA.

Described herein is the use of thin film freeze drying methods with oil-in-water adjuvants to produce improved vaccine compositions. This approach solves several major problems associated with the emulsion-adjuvanted vaccines. Additionally, the developed dry powder compositions have the potential to be administered via non-invasive routes (such as intranasal, pulmonary, transcutaneous with or without microneedles) and be stored at ambient temperatures which significantly reduce the costs of vaccination programs.

Provided is a seasonal influenza vaccine having a higher efficacy than a split vaccine. A seasonal influenza vaccine which induces virus-specific antibodies in the nasal mucosa, comprises inactivated whole influenza virus particles as an active ingredient, and is to be administered intradermally at dose per administration of 15 μg HA or more per strain as antigen.

An inactivated influenza vaccine may have high immunogenicity and may be produced by method including performing inactivation treatment using formaldehyde including treating a virus solution containing an influenza virus collected from a host with β-propiolactone in advance. The inactivation treatment using formaldehyde may be performed by adding formalin to the virus solution at a final concentration of 0.005 to 0.015 vol %.

Disclosed herein are methods of forming compounds and exemplary stable compounds in the nature of a conjugated compound at refrigerated or room temperature, which in some embodiments comprises an antigen and virus particle mixed in a conjugation reaction to form a conjugate mixture, such that the conditions and steps of forming these products allow for use of the conjugate mixture as a vaccine, including but not limited to use as a vaccine against various pathogens including for treatment of diseases caused by novel coronaviruses (including SARS-COV 2).