Provided is a method and composition using ROS to increase the production of bacteriophage. According to the subject matter, a production amount of bacteriophage is increased several times in the presence of the sublethal concentration of ROS for host bacteria. Therefore, the method and composition of the subject matter can be useful for producing bacteriophage, which is used as an alternative to antibiotics that cause a serious resistance problem.

The invention relates to the production of phage and transduction particles using DNAs (eg, plasmids and helper phage, mobile genetic elements (MGEs) or plasmids with chromosomally integrated helper phage genes), as well as the phage, helper phage, kits, compositions and methods involving these.

A method of recovering viable phage from, for example, a crude phage preparation such as a lysate resulting from amplification of phage in bacterial cell culture is disclosed. The method may be universal; that is, applicable to the purification of a broad range of phage species and strains. The phage product resulting from the method may have an acceptably low endotoxin titer (e.g. less than 500 EU/ml) and sufficiently high phage titer (e.g. >1?10.sup.9 PFU/ml) for use in therapeutic applications.

A method of preserving the one or more chemical and/or biological species in a polymer matrix comprising pullulan and trehalose is described. The method includes combining the one or more chemical and/or biological species, an aqueous pullulan and a trehalose solution and drying the resultant mixture to provide a solid polymeric matrix. A polymeric matrix comprising one or more chemical and/or biological species and its use, for example, on surfaces for food preparation, for food preservation and in biological preparations is also described.

A method of recovering viable phage from, for example, a crude phage preparation such as a lysate resulting from amplification of phage in bacterial cell culture is disclosed. The method may be universal; that is, applicable to the purification of a broad range of phage species and strains. The phage product resulting from the method may have an acceptably low endotoxin titer (e.g. less than 500 EU/ml) and sufficiently high phage titer (e.g. >1?10.sup.9 PFU/ml) for use in therapeutic applications.

A method of purifying a sample that includes a desired virus includes the steps of (i) providing a packed chromatographic column having negatively charged porous particles, (ii) equilibrating the column to the conditions to which the desired virus in the sample is to elute, (iii) contacting the sample with the packed chromatographic column such that the sample volume applied to the packed chromatographic column is less than or equal to the interparticle space of the negatively charged porous particles within the packed chromatographic column, (iv) eluting the desired virus from the packed chromatographic column, where the desired virus is in a purer state and in the conditions to which the packed chromatographic column was equilibrated.

The present invention relates to a composition for improving the stability of bacteriophage originated lysin proteins greatly even when the composition contains the bacteriophage originated lysin proteins at a high concentration. More precisely, the present invention relates to a method and a composition for improving significantly the stability of SAL-1 or LysK, the bacteriophage originated lysin protein, included at a high concentration in the composition.

A method for depletion or removal of endotoxins from a known or suspected endotoxin-containing source by virtue of a solid phase extraction material in an essentially aqueous system comprising the steps ofproviding a known or suspected endotoxin-containing source, contacting the known or suspected endotoxin-containing source with a positively charged solid phase material having a surface on which ferric iron is immobilised, wherein the solid phase extraction material has immobilised the ferric iron by (2-aminoethyl)amine (TREN) ligandincubating the known or suspected endotoxin-containing source for a period of time sufficient to bind endotoxin to the porous solid phase material, separating the solid phase material from the essentially aqueous system, optionally isolating the essentially aqueous system freed or depleted from endotoxin.

One aspect of the invention provides a method of generating bacteriophages adapted to infect a target bacterial strain. The method comprises: providing host bacteria that are susceptible to phage as input to a host chemostat containing phage; providing target bacteria that are related to the host bacteria, but not susceptible to phage as input to a target chemostat containing phage; filtering outflows from the host chemostat and the target chemostat to isolate phage from the populations of the host bacteria, the target bacteria, and macromolecules; combining the outflows; and introducing the combined outflow into each of the host chemostat and the target chemostat.