A solids injection lance includes (a) a tube that defines a passageway for solid feed material to be injected through the tube and has an inlet for solid material at a rear end and an outlet for discharging solid material at a forward end of the tube and (b) a puncture detection system for detecting a puncture in the solids injection tube.

A temperature measuring apparatus for a top submerged lancing installation, for use in measuring the temperature of a molten bath that includes a slag phase, during a pyro-metallurgical operation conducted in a reactor of the installation, includes a top submerged injecting top submerged injecting lance having at least an outer pipe and an inner pipe. A bore is defined by the inner pipe and an annular passage is defined in part by an inner surface of the outer pipe. The apparatus further includes a pyrometer device of which at least a sensor head part is mounted in relation to the top submerged injecting lance and operable both to receive infrared energy passing longitudinally within the lance from an outlet end of the lance. The sensor head part also is operable to focus the received infrared energy to enable generation of an output signal or display indicative of the temperature of a molten bath in which an outlet end portion of the lance is submerged and from which the infrared energy is received.

A sampler for taking samples from a molten metal bath, particularly a molten iron includes a sample chamber assembly having a cover plate and a housing. The housing has first and second openings for an inflow conduit and a gas coupler, respectively. The first face has an analysis zone, a ventilation zone, and a distribution zone. A depth of the analysis zone is 0.5 mm to 1.5 mm. The cover plate and the housing are assembled together to form a sample cavity. The sample chamber assembly chills the molten iron received therein to a solidified white structure metal sample. An analysis surface of the sample lies in a first plane. In a flow direction of the molten iron, there are no increases in width of the sample cavity and a ratio of the length to depth of the sample cavity increases.

An oxygen blowing lance comprising: a lance body including an oxygen conduit and cooling water inlet and outlet conduits surrounding said oxygen conduit; a lance head connected to said lance body and comprising a nozzle body, said nozzle body including a central strut having bore hole, a plurality of nozzles arranged about said central strut, and a plurality of cooling chambers arranged about said central strut, wherein said plurality of nozzles are in fluid communication with said oxygen conduit for discharging oxygen from said oxygen conduit onto a metal bath in a converter vessel, and wherein said plurality of cooling chambers are in fluid communication with said cooling water inlet and outlet conduits; a temperature probe or camera assembly, such as an optical or infrared camera assembly, received in said bore hole for monitoring the temperature of said lance head or molten heat in which the lance is inserted; signal lines connected to said temperature probe for conveying signals from said temperature probe whereby operation of said blowing lance is regulated in response to said signals; and a protective pipe pressurized with a gas disposed in the bore and surrounding said temperature probe assembly and the signal lines.

The invention relates to an optical monitoring system (26) for monitoring operating conditions in a tuyere zone of a blast furnace. This system comprises a light deflecting device (40) with a peep sight (28) arranged in a first face (46) of the light deflecting device (40) and an optical sensor (30) arranged in a second face (48) of the light deflecting device (40). A light deflector (41) is arranged within the light deflecting device (40) for directing incident light from the tuyere zone towards the peep sight (28) and towards the optical sensor (30). The light deflecting device (40) comprises a housing (56) with a spherical body (60) rotatably arranged therein. The spherical body (60) comprises three passages: a first passage (62) which is, when the light deflecting device (40) is connected to the rear portion of the blowpipe (18), facing the tuyere for allowing incident light from the tuyere zone to enter the spherical body (60); a second passage (70) facing the peep sight (28); a third passage (72) facing the optical sensor (30). The first, second and third passages (62, 68, 72) are configured so as to meet each other within the spherical body (60). The light deflector (41) is arranged within the spherical body (60) at the intersection of the first, second and third passages (62, 68, 72). Furthermore, the light deflecting device (40) comprises an opening (76) in a third face (50) of the housing (56) for accessing the spherical body (60) for allowing rotation of the spherical body (60) within the housing (56). The spherical body (60) comprises a socket (78) facing the opening (76) in the third face (50). The opening (76) is a guiding slot (86) whose width is substantially the same as a diameter of the socket (78).

A drop-in probe includes a measurement head having an immersion end and an opposing second end having an end face. The measurement head is formed of first and second body halves configured to mate together along a parting line. A sample chamber, arranged within the measurement head, is thermally isolated from a cooling mass thereof and includes a metal wall having a thickness of 2.5 mm or less. An inlet tube has an inlet opening to the sample chamber. The inlet opening has a diameter D.sub.inlet and is spaced apart from the end face of the measurement head at a distance of at least $\frac{D_{\mathrm{inlet}}}{2}.$
When the sample chamber is filled with a sample of the molten metal, a ratio of a mass of the metal sample to a mass of the metal wall of the sample chamber is greater than 2.6 and less than 6.

A furnace slag amount estimation device (1) includes: an input unit (11) configured to receive input data including furnace shape data for a converter, data on components and temperatures of molten metal and slag before start of or during blowing treatment, and slag height data in a furnace of the converter; a slag bulk density calculation unit (13) configured to calculate a slag bulk density after the converter is tilted, using the input data and a model; a slag volume calculation unit (14) configured to calculate a slag volume in the furnace after the converter is tilted, using the slag height data after the converter is tilted, the furnace shape data, and a model; and a slag weight calculation unit (15) configured to calculate a slag weight in the furnace after the converter is tilted and slag is discharged, using the calculated slag bulk density and the calculated slag volume.

A metallurgical melting furnace having a furnace vessel, an offgas removal device disposed therein for removal of an offgas stream, and an air feed opening for feeding air to the offgas stream, provides a method of determining the amount of heteromolecular gas and a method of determining the temperature of the gas.

A charged material containing a metal raw material of at least one of ferrochromium containing metal Si or ferrosilicon and unreduced slag containing Cr oxide generated by oxidation refining is charged into an AC electric furnace including three electrodes, a mass ratio of a metal Si amount to a Cr oxide amount being from 0.30 to 0.40, and a C concentration being from 2.0% by mass to a saturation concentration.

Provided are a method and an arrangement for operating a metallurgical furnace. The method comprises a feeding step, and a temperature controlling step for controlling the temperature of a molten metal layer and a slag layer in a furnace space of the metallurgical furnace. The temperature controlling step comprises a first measuring step for measuring the slag temperature (T.sub.slag), a second measuring step for measuring the slag liquidus temperature (T.sub.slag, liquidus), and a calculating step for calculating a superheat temperature (T.sub.superheat) by calculating the temperature difference between the slag temperature (T.sub.slag) and the slag liquidus temperature (T.sub.slag, liquidus). In case the calculated superheat temperature (T.sub.superheat) is outside a predefined superheat temperature range (T.sub.superheat set), the method comprises an adjusting step for adjusting to adjust the actual superheat temperature. Also provided are computer program products.