The present invention enables quick cooling of steam-treated objects and thus reduces the manufacturing time of steam-treated products such as black coated steel sheets. The present invention provides a method for manufacturing steam-treated products, which involves a steam treatment step that introduces steam into a closed container (10) containing a treatment object (1) and brings the treatment object (1) into contact with the steam, and a treated object cooling step that cools the object (1) treated with steam in the steam treatment step, wherein said treated object cooling step introduces coolant gas into said closed container (10), brings said treated object (1) into contact with the coolant gas, and discharges the introduced coolant gas from said closed container (10).

A method of chromating a part including an aluminum-based alloy, the method including the steps of providing the part including a layer based on aluminum oxide on at least one of its surfaces, of immersing the part in a chromating bath including chromium III, and of performing chemical conversion of the part in the chromating bath. The invention also provides a part obtained by the method.

A surface-treated metal plate including: a metal plate; and a nickel-cobalt binary alloy layer formed on the metal plate. When a part having a content ratio of oxygen atoms of 5 atomic % or more as measured by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopic analysis is an oxide coating film, the nickel-cobalt binary alloy layer contains the oxide coating film with a thickness of 0.5 to 30 nm on a surface thereof, and when a pressure cooker test including temperature increasing, retention for 72 hours under a water-vapor atmosphere at a temperature of 105 C. and a relative humidity of 100% RH, and temperature decreasing is performed, the amount of increase in the thickness of the oxide coating film is 28 nm or less.

A surface-treated metal plate including: a metal plate; and a nickel-cobalt binary alloy layer formed on the metal plate. When a part having a content ratio of oxygen atoms of 5 atomic % or more as measured by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopic analysis is an oxide coating film, the nickel-cobalt binary alloy layer contains the oxide coating film with a thickness of 0.5 to 30 nm on a surface thereof, and when a pressure cooker test including temperature increasing, retention for 72 hours under a water-vapor atmosphere at a temperature of 105 C. and a relative humidity of 100% RH, and temperature decreasing is performed, the amount of increase in the thickness of the oxide coating film is 28 nm or less.

Embodiments of the present invention provide a technique for forming a film having a high added value appearance quality and excellent hardness on the surface of a steel sheet in a short time.

Described is a method of manufacturing a gate-all-around electronic device. The method includes forming a thermal oxide layer though an enhanced in situ steam generation process in combination with atomic layer deposition of a low- layer. The thin thermal oxide layer passivates the interface between the silicon layer and the dielectric layer of the GAA. A passivation process after the deposition of the low- layer reduces the bulk trap and enhances the breakdown performance of the GAA transistor.

Described is a method of manufacturing a gate-all-around electronic device. The method includes forming a thermal oxide layer though an enhanced in situ steam generation process in combination with atomic layer deposition of a low- layer. The thin thermal oxide layer passivates the interface between the silicon layer and the dielectric layer of the GAA. A passivation process after the deposition of the low- layer reduces the bulk trap and enhances the breakdown performance of the GAA transistor.

A part includes a three-dimensional porous metallic workpiece printed via an additive manufacturing process and subsequently subjected to a diffusion-based process to convert at least a portion of the porous metallic workpiece to a ceramic workpiece or an intermetallic workpiece.

A part includes a three-dimensional porous metallic workpiece printed via an additive manufacturing process and subsequently subjected to a diffusion-based process to convert at least a portion of the porous metallic workpiece to a ceramic workpiece or an intermetallic workpiece.

The present invention relates to a method of case hardening a Group IV metal or a Group IV metal alloy and to components hardened in the method. The method comprising the steps of: providing a workpiece of a Group IV metal or a Group IV metal alloy, the workpiece being in its final shape; nitriding the workpiece in a nitriding atmosphere comprising NHs as a nitriding species at a first temperature in the range of 450? C. to 750? C. for a nitriding duration of at least 16 hours to provide a hydrogen containing diffusion zone; removing hydrogen from the hydrogen containing diffusion zone at a second temperature of up to 750? C. and a partial pressure of H.sub.2 of up to 10.sup.?4 mbar over a hydrogen removal duration of at least 4 hours to provide a hydrogen depleted diffusion zone. The method and the component are useful for implants, in particular dental implants.