A steel for a carburizing and a carburized steel component having a steel portion and a carburized layer with a thickness of more than 0.4 mm to less than 2 mm which is formed on an outside of the steel portion. A chemical composition of the steel for the carburizing and the steel portion of the carburized steel component satisfies simultaneously equations of a hardness parameter, a hardenability parameter, and a TiC precipitation parameter.

A steel for a carburizing and a carburized steel component having a steel portion and a carburized layer with a thickness of more than 0.4 mm to less than 2 mm which is formed on an outside of the steel portion. A chemical composition of the steel for the carburizing and the steel portion of the carburized steel component satisfies simultaneously equations of a hardness parameter, a hardenability parameter, and an AlN precipitation parameter.

A steel for a carburizing and a carburized steel component having a steel portion and a carburized layer with a thickness of more than 0.4 mm to less than 2 mm which is formed on an outside of the steel portion. A chemical composition of the steel for the carburizing and the steel portion of the carburized steel component satisfies simultaneously equations of a hardness parameter, a hardenability parameter, and an AlN precipitation parameter.

A high surface-pressure resistant component includes a steel having a composition containing, in mass %, 0.17-0.23% of C, 0.80-1.00% of Si, 0.65-1.00% of Mn, 0.030% or less of P, 0.030% or less of S, 0.01-1.00% of Cu, 0.01-3.00% of Ni, and 0.80-1.00% of Cr, with the remainder being Fe and unavoidable impurities, in which the surface layer C concentration of a carburized and quenched layer is 0.70-0.80% in mass %.

A high surface-pressure resistant component includes a steel having a composition containing, in mass %, 0.17-0.23% of C, 0.80-1.00% of Si, 0.65-1.00% of Mn, 0.030% or less of P, 0.030% or less of S, 0.01-1.00% of Cu, 0.01-3.00% of Ni, and 0.80-1.00% of Cr, with the remainder being Fe and unavoidable impurities, in which the surface layer C concentration of a carburized and quenched layer is 0.70-0.80% in mass %.

A novel combination of heat treatment steps includes the steps of carburizing a component fabricated of a medium carbon alloy steel at an elevated temperature for between three and six hours, subjecting the component to an austempering bath and holding it there for between fifteen and two hundred forty minutes and finally cooling the component to room temperature to allow martensitic transformation. These steps may be followed with cryogenic treatment to reduce retained austenite if needed. The process produces components with low distortion, high surface hardness, from HRC 56 to 62, and high surface compressive residual stress.

A novel combination of heat treatment steps includes the steps of carburizing a component fabricated of a medium carbon alloy steel at an elevated temperature for between three and six hours, subjecting the component to an austempering bath and holding it there for between fifteen and two hundred forty minutes and finally cooling the component to room temperature to allow martensitic transformation. These steps may be followed with cryogenic treatment to reduce retained austenite if needed. The process produces components with low distortion, high surface hardness, from HRC 56 to 62, and high surface compressive residual stress.

A method for producing three-dimensional space frames or truss structures from simpler components and space frames or truss structures produced by the associated method. The various components, which may be made from virtually any material, are shaped in such a way so that they may be fitted together to create a space frame or truss structure. The components may be held together by any available attachment means, or by the interaction of the components themselves. The method and associated components allows for the assembly of three-dimensional space frames or truss structures from planar materials, significantly reducing cost and manufacturing time. These space frames or trusses can then be used as structural members, as the interior load-bearing portions of sandwich panels, or in any situation where high-strength and light weight are desirable.

A method for producing three-dimensional space frames or truss structures from simpler components and space frames or truss structures produced by the associated method. The various components, which may be made from virtually any material, are shaped in such a way so that they may be fitted together to create a space frame or truss structure. The components may be held together by any available attachment means, or by the interaction of the components themselves. The method and associated components allows for the assembly of three-dimensional space frames or truss structures from planar materials, significantly reducing cost and manufacturing time. These space frames or trusses can then be used as structural members, as the interior load-bearing portions of sandwich panels, or in any situation where high-strength and light weight are desirable.

The thermal processing device includes a stage, a continuous wave electromagnetic radiation source, a series of lenses, a translation mechanism, a detection module, a three-dimensional auto-focus, and a computer system. The stage is configured to receive a substrate thereon. The continuous wave electromagnetic radiation source is disposed adjacent the stage, and is configured to emit continuous wave electromagnetic radiation along a path towards the substrate. The series of lenses is disposed between the continuous wave electromagnetic radiation source and the stage, and are configured to condense the continuous wave electromagnetic radiation into a line of continuous wave electromagnetic radiation on a surface of the substrate. The translation mechanism is configured to translate the stage and the line of continuous wave electromagnetic radiation relative to one another. The detection module is positioned within the path, and is configured to detect continuous wave electromagnetic radiation.