A packaging sheet metal product from a cold-rolled steel sheet with a thickness of less than 0.6 mm has a specified composition. The packaging sheet metal product during biaxial deformation in a bulge test has a lower yield strength (Sb.sub.eL) of more than 300 MPa and a corresponding elongation at break (Ab) of more than 10% and in the plastic region between the Lüders elongation (Ab.sub.e) and an upper (plastic) elongation limit of ε.sub.max=0.5.Math.Ab.Math.(Sb.sub.eL/Sb.sub.m) has a biaxial stress/strain diagram σ.sub.B(ε) that can be represented by a function ε.sub.B=b.Math.ε.sup.n, with: σ.sub.B is the true biaxial stress in MPa; ε is the amount of true elongation in the thickness direction in %; Sb.sub.m is the absolute strength; b is a proportionality factor; and n is a strain-hardening exponent. A strengthening of the packaging sheet product in the thickness direction is characterized by a strain-hardening exponent of n≥0.353-5.1.Math.Sb.sub.eL/10.sup.4 MPa.

A dual phase magnetic component, along with methods of its formation, is provided. The dual phase magnetic component may include an intermixed first region and second region formed from a single material, with the first region having a magnetic area and a diffused metal therein, and with the second region having a non-magnetic area. The second region generally has greater than 0.1 weight % of nitrogen.

A lumen stent preform is provided using a plasma nitriding technology, a preparation method thereof, a method for preparing a lumen stent by using the preform, and a lumen stent obtained according to the method. The preform is manufactured by using pure iron or an iron alloy containing no strong nitrogen compound, has a hardness of 160-250HV0.05/10, and has a microstructure that is a deformed structure having a grain size scale greater than or equal to 9 or a deformed structure after cold machining. Alternatively, the preform is an iron alloy containing a strong nitrogen compound, and has a microstructure that is a deformed structure having a grain size scale greater than or equal to 9 or a deformed structure after cold machining. The lumen stem preform meets the requirements of a conventional stent for radial strength and plasticity, so that plasma nitriding is applicable to commercial preparation of a lumen stent.

A lumen stent preform is provided using a plasma nitriding technology, a preparation method thereof, a method for preparing a lumen stent by using the preform, and a lumen stent obtained according to the method. The preform is manufactured by using pure iron or an iron alloy containing no strong nitrogen compound, has a hardness of 160-250HV0.05/10, and has a microstructure that is a deformed structure having a grain size scale greater than or equal to 9 or a deformed structure after cold machining. Alternatively, the preform is an iron alloy containing a strong nitrogen compound, and has a microstructure that is a deformed structure having a grain size scale greater than or equal to 9 or a deformed structure after cold machining. The lumen stem preform meets the requirements of a conventional stent for radial strength and plasticity, so that plasma nitriding is applicable to commercial preparation of a lumen stent.

A method for manufacturing a grain-oriented electrical steel sheet according to an embodiment of the present invention comprises: a step for hot-rolling a slab to produce a hot-rolled sheet; a step for cold-rolling the hot-rolled sheet to produce a cold-rolled sheet; a step for subjecting the cold-rolled sheet to primary recrystallization annealing; and a step for subjecting the primary recrystallization annealing-completed cold-rolled sheet to secondary recrystallization annealing, wherein the primary recrystallization annealing step includes a preceding step and a subsequent step, and the amount (A) of nitriding gas introduced in the preceding step with respect to the total amount (B) of nitriding gas introduced in the primary recrystallization annealing step satisfies expression 1 below.
0.05≤[A]/[B]≤[t]  [Expression 1] (In expression 1, the amount of nitriding gas introduced is in units of Nm.sup.3/hr, and [t] represents the thickness (mm) of a cold-rolled sheet.)

A workpiece made from a self passivating metal and having one or more surface regions defining a Beilby layer as a result of a previous metal shaping operation is activated for subsequent low temperature gas hardening by exposing the workpiece to the vapors produced by heating an oxygen-free nitrogen halide salt.

A workpiece made from a self passivating metal and having one or more surface regions defining a Beilby layer as a result of a previous metal shaping operation is activated for subsequent low temperature gas hardening by exposing the workpiece to the vapors produced by heating an oxygen-free nitrogen halide salt.

A medical instrument with excellent operability is provided. The medical instrument includes stick-shaped extra-narrow metal members. The extra-narrow member has a hardened layer formed on the surface thereof without losing flexibility.

A medical instrument with excellent operability is provided. The medical instrument includes stick-shaped extra-narrow metal members. The extra-narrow member has a hardened layer formed on the surface thereof without losing flexibility.

A method of preparing an engine valve is provided. The method includes hot forging a heat resistant steel at 1,150 to 1,250° C. to mold a valve, aging the molded valve and hollowed-out processing the aging valve. Additionally, the method includes nitride-heating the hollow valve and grinding a surface of a neck of the nitride-heated valve to remove a nitride layer.