There is provided a precipitation hardening steel with the composition: C: 0.05-0.30 wt %, Ni: 3-9 wt %, Mo: 0.5-1.5 wt %, Al: 1-3 wt %, Cr: 2-14 wt %, V: 0.25-1.5 wt %, Co: 0-0.03 wt %, Mn: 0-0.5 wt %, Si: 0-0.3 wt %, and remaining part up to 100 wt % is Fe and impurity elements, with the additional proviso that the amounts of Al and Ni also fulfil Al=Ni/3±0.5 in wt %. There is the possibility to have very low amounts of cobalt, well below 0.01 wt %. The precipitation hardening steel displays, low segregation, high yield strength at elevated temperatures, high resistance against corrosion, and can also suitably be nitrided. The precipitation hardening steel is more economical to manufacture compared to steel according to the state of the art with the same strength at elevated temperatures.

A method for manufacturing a part of nitrided steel includes a step of nitriding the part. After nitriding, laser shocking is carried out on a surface of the nitrided part.

A method for manufacturing a part of nitrided steel includes a step of nitriding the part. After nitriding, laser shocking is carried out on a surface of the nitrided part.

A die steel which enables manufacturing a hot stamp die that has both high hardness and high thermal conductivity, a hot stamp die, and a manufacturing method thereof are provided. This steel for a hot stamp die has a component composition, in mass% of 0.45-0.65% C, 0.1-0.6% Si, 0.1-0.3% Mn, 2.5-6.0% Cr, 1.2-2.6% Mo, and 0.4-0.8% V, the remainder being Fe and unavoidable impurities. Further, this hot stamp die has the aforementioned component composition, and the manufacturing method is for manufacturing said hot stamp die.

A die steel which enables manufacturing a hot stamp die that has both high hardness and high thermal conductivity, a hot stamp die, and a manufacturing method thereof are provided. This steel for a hot stamp die has a component composition, in mass% of 0.45-0.65% C, 0.1-0.6% Si, 0.1-0.3% Mn, 2.5-6.0% Cr, 1.2-2.6% Mo, and 0.4-0.8% V, the remainder being Fe and unavoidable impurities. Further, this hot stamp die has the aforementioned component composition, and the manufacturing method is for manufacturing said hot stamp die.

A workpiece made from a self-passivating metal and having one or more surface regions defining a Beilby layer as a result of a previous metal shaping operation is activated for subsequent low temperature gas hardening by exposing the workpiece to the vapors produced by heating a non-polymeric N/C/H compound.

A workpiece made from a self-passivating metal and having one or more surface regions defining a Beilby layer as a result of a previous metal shaping operation is activated for subsequent low temperature gas hardening by exposing the workpiece to the vapors produced by heating a non-polymeric N/C/H compound.

A crankshaft with improved seizure resistance is provided. A crankshaft having journals 11 and pins 12 includes a compound layer containing iron and nitrogen on its surface, wherein, in the compound layer, for both the journals 11 and pins 12, the porosity area ratio of the thinner one of a region from the surface to a depth of 3.0 μm and a region across the total thickness of the compound layer is not higher than 10.0%, and both the journals 11 and pins 12 have such a surface geometry that the arithmetical mean deviation of the primary profile, Pa, is not larger than 0.090 μm.

A grain-oriented electrical steel plate of an exemplary embodiment of the present invention has a groove formed on a surface, wherein a curvature radius RBb at a position where a depth of the groove is maximum is 0.2 μm to 100 μm, and a curvature radius RSb on the groove surface from the position where the depth of the groove is maximum to a quarter-way position of the depth D of the groove is 4 μm to 130 μm.

A permanent magnet may include a Fe16N2 phase in a strained state. In some examples, strain may be preserved within the permanent magnet by a technique that includes etching an iron nitride-containing workpiece including Fe16N2 to introduce texture, straining the workpiece, and annealing the workpiece. In some examples, strain may be preserved within the permanent magnet by a technique that includes applying at a first temperature a layer of material to an iron nitride-containing workpiece including Fe16N2, and bringing the layer of material and the iron nitride-containing workpiece to a second temperature, where the material has a different coefficient of thermal expansion than the iron nitride-containing workpiece. A permanent magnet including an Fe16N2 phase with preserved strain also is disclosed.