A transparent electrode with a transparent substrate and a composite layer disposed thereon, wherein the composite layer includes a graphene layer and a plurality of nanoparticles, wherein the nanoparticles are embedded in the graphene layer and extend through a thickness of the graphene layer, and wherein the plurality of nanoparticles are in direct contact with the transparent substrate and a gap is present between the graphene layer and the transparent substrate.

A microstructure comprises a plurality of interconnected units wherein the units are formed of hexagonal boron nitride (h-BN) tubes. The graphene tubes may be formed by photo-initiating the polymerization of a monomer in a pattern of interconnected units to form a polymer microlattice, removing unpolymerized monomer, coating the polymer microlattice with a metal, removing the polymer microlattice to leave a metal microlattice, depositing an h-BN precursor on the metal microlattice, converting the h-BN precursor to h-BN, and removing the metal microlattice.

An optical element having a cover comprising a 2-dimensional material. The optical element includes a cover having a first surface and a second surface, a support, and a means, where the cover is orientated with the first surface directed towards the support, a part of the first surface is attached to the support, a spatial arrangement of the second surface relative to the support defines a cover contour profile, the means is adapted and arranged to move the second surface from a first cover contour profile to a further cover contour profile, the cover comprises a 2-dimensional portion which is one or more 2-dimensional materials, the cover has a value of transmittance divided by reflectance of not more than 0.5, for light incident on the second surface, the reflectance and transmittance being measured at a wavelength λ, and λ is in the range from 10 nm to 20 μm.

A process for depositing a coating on a continuous carbon or silicon carbide fibre from a coating precursor, includes at least heating a segment of the fibre in the presence of the coating precursor in a microwave field so as to bring the surface of the segment to a temperature enabling the coating to be formed on the segment from the coating precursor.

A transparent electrode with a transparent substrate and a composite layer disposed thereon, wherein the composite layer includes a graphene layer and a plurality of nanoparticles, wherein the nanoparticles are embedded in the graphene layer and extend through a thickness of the graphene layer, and wherein the plurality of nanoparticles are in direct contact with the transparent substrate and a gap is present between the graphene layer and the transparent substrate.

A carbon film deposition method includes supplying a carbon-containing gas and a halogen gas to a substrate to deposit a carbon film on the substrate by using chemical vapor deposition, and supplying a gas that reacts with halogens constituting the halogen gas to reduce the halogens contained in the carbon film. A cycle including the supplying of the carbon-containing gas and the halogen gas and the supplying of the gas that reacts with the halogens is repeated a plurality of times.

Methods for depositing boron nitride on a surface of a substrate are provided. Exemplary methods include providing a boron precursor comprising a boron-halogen compound comprising one or more of iodine and bromine to a reaction chamber and providing a nitrogen precursor comprising a substituted hydrazine compound to the reaction chamber.

An apparatus for depositing a two-dimensional material includes a chamber, a stage provided in the chamber, a dielectric window including a first surface facing the stage and a second surface provided on a side opposite to the first surface, a planar high-frequency antenna provided on the second surface of the dielectric window, and a first gas nozzle configured to provide a source gas into the chamber, wherein an alternating current electric signal having a frequency of about 1 MHz to about 1 GHz is applied to the planar high-frequency antenna.

A method of stabilizing a garnet-type solid-state electrolyte (SSE) includes obtaining pellets of SSE, removing surface impurities of the SSE, and depositing a passivation layer onto the SSE after the surface impurities are removed, the passivation layer including two of boron, carbon, and nitrogen.

A method of forming a bulk product includes the step of coating a particulate conductive phase material with a binder phase, and forming the coated conductive phase material into at least one of sheet stock, tape formed into a bulk material. A method of forming a bulk product includes the step of coating a particulate conductive phase material with a binder phase and forming the coated conductive phase material into a bulk material. The conductive phase material includes at least one of two dimensional materials, single layer materials, carbon nanotubes, boron nitride nanotubes, aluminum nitride and molybdenum disulphide (MoS.sub.2). A component is also disclosed.