During an example coating method, a metallic substrate is provided. A foundation coat precursor is applied on the metallic substrate. The foundation coat precursor includes a matrix and a plurality of capsules present in the matrix. Each capsule includes a shell and a healing agent surrounded by the shell. A basecoat precursor is applied, and a clearcoat precursor is applied. The metallic substrate, the foundation coat precursor, the basecoat precursor, and the clearcoat precursor are heated i) after each respective application or ii) simultaneously, in order to cure the foundation coat, basecoat, and clearcoat precursors and respectively form a foundation coat, a basecoat, and a clearcoat. The foundation coat is ultraviolet (UV) stable and bonds the metallic substrate to the basecoat and the clearcoat.

A corrosion-resistant coating on an aluminum-containing substrate such as an aluminum substrate, an aluminum alloy substrate (e.g., AA 2024, AA 6061, or AA7075), or other aluminum-containing substrate includes a corrosion inhibitor-incorporated ZnAl layered double hydroxide (LDH) layer and a sol-gel layer. A zinc salt and a corrosion inhibitor (e.g., a salt of an oxyanion of a transition metal such as a vanadate) is dissolved to form a zinc-corrosion inhibitor solution, and the substrate is immersed in or otherwise contacted with the solution to form the corrosion inhibitor-incorporated ZnAl LDH layer on the substrate. A sol-gel composition is applied on the corrosion inhibitor-incorporated ZnAl LDH layer of the substrate to form a sol-gel layer, and the sol-gel layer is cured.

A room temperature curable anticorrosion sol-gel coating composition for a metal substrate, comprising a carboxylic acid or 2,4-pentanedione stabilized water based sol-gel of zirconate-silica nano particles which is combined with a glycidoxyalkyl-alkyoxysilane before coating onto a metal substrate. The coating is chemically cured on the metal substrate, forming a corrosion protective layer.

The invention relates to the use of a coating of a layer including an inorganic, glass-like matrix of an alkali silicate and/or alkaline earth silicate or a layer including an inorganic-organic hybrid matrix or of a double layer of a base layer including an inorganic, glass-like matrix of an alkali silicate and/or alkaline earth silicate or a base layer including an inorganic-organic hybrid matrix and an alkali silicate-free and alkaline earth silicate-free top layer including a matrix of an oxidated silicon compound as the anti-limescale coating on at least one metal surface or inorganic surface of an object or material. The anti-limescale coating can be used for storage or transport devices for water or media containing water. The anti-limescale coating is suitable for pipelines, sand control systems or safety valves in the conveyance of oil or gas or the storage of oil or gas.

There is described a process for depositing carbon on a surface, comprising, while contacting a mixture of CO.sub.2 and Br.sub.2 with a polar substrate presenting apposed surfaces, exposing a sufficient area of said mixture in the region of said apposed surfaces to light of sufficient intensity and frequency to result in deposition of carbon on at least some of said apposed surfaces. Other embodiments are also described.

A method of forming a corrosion-resistant ceramic coating on a metallic substrate, the method comprising providing a passivation layer on a surface of the metallic substrate by electrochemical passivation of the metallic substrate under a first electrical current and using a first electrically conducting solution; and providing the corrosion-resistant ceramic coating on an outermost surface of the metallic substrate, the outermost surface in use adapted to be exposed to a corrosive environment, by plasma electrolytic oxidation of the metallic substrate with the passivation layer, in a second electrically conducting solution and under a second electrical current having a discharge voltage. The first and the second electrically conducting solutions comprise a tetrafluoroborate compound.

During an example coating method, a metallic substrate is provided. A foundation coat precursor is applied on the metallic substrate. The foundation coat precursor includes a matrix and a plurality of capsules present in the matrix. Each capsule includes a shell and a healing agent surrounded by the shell. A basecoat precursor is applied, and a clearcoat precursor is applied. The metallic substrate, the foundation coat precursor, the basecoat precursor, and the clearcoat precursor are heated i) after each respective application or ii) simultaneously, in order to cure the foundation coat, basecoat, and clearcoat precursors and respectively form a foundation coat, a basecoat, and a clearcoat. The foundation coat is ultraviolet (UV) stable and bonds the metallic substrate to the basecoat and the clearcoat.

Disclosed are a method for forming a thermal barrier layer for a metallic component, which method involves forming a ceramic coat in which at least in part aluminum oxide and titanium oxide are disposed, the aluminum oxide and the titanium oxide being introduced by infiltration of aluminum-containing and titanium-containing particles or substances or by physical vapor deposition.

A copper foil, intended for use as a current collector in a lithium-containing electrode for a lithium-based electrochemical cell, is subjected to a series of chemical oxidation and reduction processing steps to form a field of integral copper wires extending outwardly from the surfaces of the current collector (and from the copper content of the foil) to be coated with a resin-bonded porous layer of particles of active electrode material. The copper wires serve to anchor thicker layers of porous electrode material and enhance liquid electrolyte contact with the electrode particles and the current collector to improve the energy output of the cell and its useful life.

The present invention lies in the fields of chemistry and materials engineering. More specifically, the present invention describes a process of heat treatment of polymeric precursors including as active phases particle charge or a mixture of active phases with inert phases called fillers. It is also described a surface including ceramic polymer obtained by said process. The volumetric positive variation resulting from the formation of new phases, which for their formation, incorporate atoms from the gaseous phase, contributes to a minor shrinkage of the composition during the heat treatment process. The process of the present invention allows obtaining the desired phases in smaller treatment times and lower temperatures, when compared to a thermal treatment process as conventional pyrolysis (PC) due to the presence of highly reactive species, as for example atomic nitrogen produced by the dissociation of nitrogen molecules in the plasma environment.