A coating, a method for coating surfaces, and the coated surfaces. The method includes providing a substrate with a cleaned metal surface; contacting and coating the metal surface with an aqueous composition having a ph of from 0.5 to 7.0 and in the form of a dispersion and/or a suspension; optionally rinsing the organic coating; and drying and/or baking the organic coating, or optionally drying the organic coating and coating same with a similar or another coating composition thereto. The composition contains a complex fluoride in a quantity of 1.1 10.sup.−6 mol/l to 0.30 mol/l based on the cations. An anionic polyelectrolyte in a quantity of 0.01 to 5.0 wt % based on the total mass of the resulting mixture is added to an anionically stabilized dispersion made of film-forming polymers and/or a suspension made of film-forming inorganic particles.

Grain-oriented electrical steel sheet having an aluminum borate coating able to impart larger tension that the past and a method for manufacturing grain-oriented electrical steel sheet are formed. The grain-oriented electrical steel sheet according to the present invention has a steel sheet and an insulating coating formed on the steel sheet and containing aluminum and boron, where the oxides contain crystalline oxides and a maximum value of an emission intensity ratio of boron with respect to aluminum at an interface between the insulating coating and the steel sheet, analyzed by glow discharge optical emission spectrometry, is 2.5 times or more and 4.0 times or less of the emission intensity ratio of boron with respect to aluminum in the insulating coating.

Provided is a coating liquid for forming a piezoelectric thin film containing lead zirconate titanate, the coating liquid including a complex precursor containing at least three kinds of metal elements of Pb, Ti, and Zr, the coating liquid being free from an exothermic peak at a temperature of 450° C. or more, or having a heat generation amount at a temperature of from 400° C. to 450° C., which is larger than a heat generation amount at a temperature of from 450° C. to 500° C., in differential thermal analysis of the coating liquid.

Coating compositions are provided that eject droplets of condensed fluid from a surface. The coatings include a nanostructured coating layer and in some embodiments, also include a hydrophobic layer deposited thereon. The coating materials eject droplets from the surface in the presence of non-condensing gases such as air and may be deployed under conditions of supersaturation of the condensed fluid to be ejected. A heat exchanger design utilizing the coating is described herein.

An oil separator is provided. The oil separator includes a housing providing an oil separation space therein. An inlet introducing oil/gas mixture into the oil separation space is provided within an upper portion of the housing. An outlet discharging oil is provided within the lower portion of the housing. A gas discharge conduit is connected to the oil separation space. A portion of a surface exposed in the oil separation space is provided with a nanorod layer.

The present invention relates to an alkaline aqueous composition on the basis of water glass and organosilanes with non-hydrolysable substituents which have a primary amino group in the substituents, for providing corrosion-protected coatings on metal surfaces which convey good reshaping properties in metal processing. For the desired functionality, the compositions according to the invention contain the organosilane and the water glass in a predetermined ration. The invention further relates to a method for pre-treating metal surfaces using the alkaline aqueous compositions, which method provides excellent results with regard to corrosion protection, varnish adhesion and reshapability, particularly on aluminum and on steel strips provided with aluminum alloy metal coatings.

A coating process comprising applying to a surface a coating composition consisting essentially of an alkali metal silicate and an aqueous liquid phase having dispersed therein solid aluminum particles to form on the surface a wet coating; and drying said wet coating: under conditions which convert said wet coating to an electrically conductive, corrosion-resistant, solid coating; or under conditions which form a solid coating which is not electrically conductive (non-conductive) and thereafter treating said non-conductive coating under conditions which convert said non-conductive coating to an electrically conductive, corrosion-resistant coating.

An electrochemical device for purifying a fluid, for example wastewater or sludge, includes an electrochemical filtering membrane, including a metallic support, for example chosen from a screen, a fabric or an open-pore foam, the support being permeable to the fluid, a coating layer of the support including a titanium oxide of general formula TiOx, with x between 1.5 and 1.9.

A method for producing a layer for coating the inner surface of a container and a glass or plastic container obtained by said method, wherein said container is suitable for containing products biocompatible with humans and/or animals. The method includes: forming a solution containing a solvent, water, a molecular precursor comprising alkoxy groups and an acid as a catalyst, mixing said solution to initiate hydrolysis and condensation, applying the resulting solution onto at least one portion of the inner surface of the container, while the solution is in the process of gelling, the resulting applied solution is then dried at a temperature for a predetermined time, before curing. The acid is citric acid, wherein said citric acid is at a concentration of less than 6 mol/l, and in that the solution comprises less than 1.5 units of precursor for each volume unit of acid.

A method of forming a cured film on an aluminum substrate includes depositing a film formed from a sol-gel coating composition onto the aluminum substrate without disposing a conversion coating composition onto the aluminum substrate. The method also includes, after depositing, curing the film. A coating system includes an aluminum substrate having a surface and a cured film disposed on and in contact with the surface. The cured film is formed from a sol-gel coating composition. The coating system is free from a layer formed from a conversion coating composition.