Subjecting an aluminum or aluminum alloy substrate to anti-corrosion and anti-wear treatment that is applicable in particular in the field of aviation for protecting certain mechanical parts of airplanes or helicopters that are subjected simultaneously to corrosion and to wear, including applying to the substrate, a sol-gel treatment step forming a sol-gel layer; and after the sol-gel treatment step, a hard oxidation step forming a hard oxide layer.

A biocompatible Mg—P coating on the surface of a zinc-based biomedical material, and a preparation method and use thereof are disclosed. In the method, zinc and a zinc alloy are first subjected to surface pretreatment and then soaked in a phosphate solution at a constant temperature to form the Mg—P coating through chemical liquid deposition (CLD). The control on the composition, thickness and surface morphology of the coating is realized by using the CLD method. The biocompatible Mg—P coating has a thickness of 0.5 μm to 50 μm, is dense and uniform, and comprises a main component of zinc-magnesium-phosphate and a small amount of zinc phosphate.

A process for the preparation of an antimicrobial P-doped coating solution is described. The process for the preparation of the antimicrobial coating solution uses non-volatile and non-oxidising phosphoric acid. The antimicrobial coatings are active in both the UV and visible light spectrum.

A process of eliminating friction and increasing structural hardness and durability and increasing longevity in the fabrication of metallic structures including at least one mechanical machining device with at least one cutting device, at least one element of material stock, and a reactionary lubricant, the process having the steps of placing the material stock on the working surface of a mechanical machining device, initiating the machining device wherein a cutting device will spin and be used to shape a firearm component, adding the reactionary lubricant to both the spinning drill bit engaged in shaping the firearm component and the firearm component's surface, and by an in situ chemical formation process the firearm component will obtain a layer of graphene formed through the friction, heat, and pressure bearing on spinning drill bit and firearm component surface, reducing the asperities in the material of the firearm component as the component is machined.

Methods of processing a capacitor device with high energy density and high extraction efficiency based on sol-gel films. The films can be formed by use of a single precursor, including siloxane precursors bearing a polar group on a flexible tethering group. The sol-gel compositions used in the formation of films can have high dielectric permittivity, low dielectric loss, high breakdown strength and high-energy storage properties. The methods can be well suited for both high energy density and high power density to provide enhanced energy storage capabilities for discrete, embedded or on-chip integrated capacitor applications, gate dielectrics for transistors and displays, capacitive touch screens, light weight mobile defibrillators, filters for cellular devices, electric propulsion, electric vehicles, power invertors for microgrid storage, load leveling of transients on a wide range of timescales for medium voltage electric grids.

The present invention is directed to a composition for depositing a palladium coating on a substrate, in particular on a nickel-coated substrate, the composition comprising: (i) palladium ions, (ii) chloride ions, (iii) ethylenediamine (EDA), (iv) ethylenediamine disuccinate (EDDS), and (v) at least one reducing agent.

Methods for forming carbon-based lubricious and/or wear-protective films in situ on the surface of steel alloys are provided. The methods use chromium-containing steel alloys, molybdenum-containing steel alloys, and steel alloys that contain both copper and nickel. When such alloys are subjected to a rubbing motion in the presence of a hydrocarbon fluid, the chromium, molybdenum, copper, and nickel in the steel alloy catalyzes the formation of solid carbon-containing films that reduce the friction, wear, or both of the contacting surfaces.

The plasma-resistant coating film according to the present invention is formed on a substrate, including crystalline Y.sub.2O.sub.3 particles having an average particle diameter of 0.5 μm to 5.0 μm in a SiO.sub.2 film, in which a film density of the plasma-resistant coating film is 90% or more, the film density being obtained by performing image analysis of a cross section of the film with an electron scanning microscope and by using the following expression (1), a size of pores in the film is 5 μm or less in terms of diameter, and a peeling rate of the film from the substrate measured by performing a cross-cut test is 5% or less. Film density (%)=[(S.sub.1−S.sub.2)/S.sub.1]×100 (1). However, in the expression (1), S.sub.1 is an area of the film and S.sub.2 is an area of a pore portion in the film.

An anti-fouling coated heat exchanger in which the anti-fouling coating is a non- continuous silicon oxide film, and a method of making an anti-fouling coated heat exchanger in which the anti-fouling coating is a continuous or discontinuous silicon oxide film which can be formed with high smoothness on the internal surfaces of a closed heat exchanger.

A method of manufacturing a layer of crystalline ytterbium doped zirconia on a substrate is disclosed. The method includes depositing a solution including precursor metal salts of the ytterbium doped zirconia onto a surface of the substrate, wherein the surface is a metallic or a ceramic surface. The solution is dried to form a film of the precursor metal salts on the surface. The film of the precursor metal salts is heated to decompose it to form an ytterbium doped zirconia. The previous steps may optionally be repeated. The film(s) are fired in order to form the layer of crystalline ytterbium doped zirconia. The ytterbium doped zirconia has a formula:

([Yb.sub.xM.sub.1−x].sub.2O.sub.3).sub.z(ZrO.sub.2).sub.1−z

wherein M is a metallic dopant ion; z is in the range of 0.03 to 0.13; and x is in the range of 0.05 to 1.