The present invention relates to a method for preparing an optical metal oxide layer, to a formulation for preparing an optical metal oxide layer and to an optical device comprising an optical metal oxide layer. The optical metal oxide layers are particularly suitable for optical applications and may be used in optical devices such as, for example, in diffractive gratings for augmented reality (AR) and/or virtual reality (VR) devices.

Nanomaterials and methods of preparation and use thereof, are disclosed. The nanomaterials include a non-noble metal substrate and noble metal atoms on a surface of the non-noble metal substrate. The noble metal atoms simultaneously coordinate with a halogen and oxygen. The substrate has a large specific surface area and a large electrochemical active area, and the surface coordination environment of the noble metal affects the electronic structure and catalytic activity of a resulting catalyst. The noble metal surface coordination structure may be regulated and controlled by a synthesis temperature, an alkalinity, a reaction time, and an electrodeposition voltage range. A hydroxide ion and the halogen coordinate with the noble metal, exhibiting an unsaturated pentacoordinate state. Doping the substrate with reducing metal ions may increase the loading capacity, anchor the noble metal atoms, and improve anodic oxygen evolution and cathodic hydrogen evolution in seawater electrolysis.

A print head comprising nested chambers for in-situ reactant formation is disclosed. The print head comprises a first chamber nested within a second chamber. The first chamber comprises a first nozzle, the second chamber comprises a second nozzle. The first nozzle is substantially coaxial with the second nozzle. A susceptor to convert electromagnetic energy to heat is within the first chamber. The susceptor comprises one or more openings extending between the upper portion and the lower portion. The susceptor may be heated by induction heating or by optical heating to vaporize a precursor substance within the first chamber. The vapor may react with a reactive gas flowing through the first chamber or expand through a nozzle into a second chamber where the vapor may react with the reactive gas, forming nanoparticles. Patterned films may be written onto a two-dimensional or three-dimensional surfaces.

A method for making a lithium salt film includes heating a substrate, spraying a mixture with a spray nozzle onto the substrate to form a precursor film, and annealing the precursor film to form the lithium salt film. The lithium salt film has a thickness of about 400 nm to about 100 pm. The spray mixture includes a first precursor comprising a lithium ion, a second precursor comprising an anion, and a solvent.

A coating method is disclosed including disposing a coating composition into a fluidly communicating space defined by an internal surface of an article. The fluidly communicating space includes at least one aperture, which is sealed, forming an enclosed space. The internal surface and the coating composition are heated under autogenous pressure, coating the internal surface with the coating composition. The at least one aperture is unsealed, re-forming the fluidly communicating space. Another coating method is disclosed in which the coating composition is disposed into a reservoir which is connected in fluid communication with the enclosed space prior to heating under autogenous pressure, coating the internal surface with the coating composition. Yet another coating method is disclosed in which the coating composition and the article are disposed in a vessel, which is sealed, forming the enclosed space prior to heating under autogenous pressure, coating the internal surface with the coating composition.

The present invention relates to a method for manufacturing a cable-type secondary battery comprising an electrode that extends longitudinally in a parallel arrangement and that includes a current collector having a horizontal cross section of a predetermined shape and an active material layer formed on the current collector, and the electrode is formed by putting an electrode slurry including an active material, a polymer binder, and a solvent into an extruder, by extrusion-coating the electrode slurry on the current collector while continuously providing the current collector to the extruder, and by drying the current collector coated with the electrode slurry to form an active material layer.

A coating method is disclosed including disposing a coating composition into a fluidly communicating space defined by an internal surface of an article. The fluidly communicating space includes at least one aperture, which is sealed, forming an enclosed space. The internal surface and the coating composition are heated under autogenous pressure, coating the internal surface with the coating composition. The at least one aperture is unsealed, re-forming the fluidly communicating space. Another coating method is disclosed in which the coating composition is disposed into a reservoir which is connected in fluid communication with the enclosed space prior to heating under autogenous pressure, coating the internal surface with the coating composition. Yet another coating method is disclosed in which the coating composition and the article are disposed in a vessel, which is sealed, forming the enclosed space prior to heating under autogenous pressure, coating the internal surface with the coating composition.

Molecular precursor compounds, processes and compositions for making Zn-Group 13 mixed oxide materials including IZO, GZO, AZO and BZO, by providing inks comprising a molecular precursor compound having the formula M.sup.A.sub.aZn(OROR).sub.3a+2, and printing or depositing the inks on a substrate. The printed or deposited ink films can be treated to convert the molecular precursor compounds to a material.

This ferroelectric thin film-forming sol-gel solution contains: a PZT-based compound; a high-molecular compound used to adjust the viscosity containing polyvinyl pyrrolidone; and an organic dopant containing N-methyl pyrrolidone, in which the amount of the PZT-based compound is greater than or equal to 17 mass % in terms of oxides, the molar ratio (PZT-based compound:polyvinyl pyrrolidone) of the polyvinyl pyrrolidone to the PZT-based compound is 1:0.1 to 1:0.5 in terms of monomers, and the amount of the organic dopant containing N-methyl pyrrolidone in the sol-gel solution is 3 mass % to 13 mass %.

Disclosed are methods and systems for forming a layer on a web with reduced levels of particulates. The layer is formed from a fluid mixture(s) or solution of chemical reagents that react to form the layer. The system includes a conveyor device provided configured to carry the web within the chamber while the first surface of the web undergoes one or more processing steps; a first fluid delivery apparatus and a second fluid delivery apparatus, and a first fluid removal apparatus. The first fluid removal apparatus is positioned within a space arranged between the first and the second delivery apparatuses.