A brazing sheet (1) includes a core material (11) composed of an Al alloy that contains 0.20-3.0 mass % of Mg; and a filler material (12) layered on the core material and composed of an Al alloy that contains Mg, 6.0-13.0 mass % of Si, and more than 0.050 mass % and 1.0 mass % or less of Bi. The Mg concentration of the filler material becomes continuously lower in a direction from a boundary (122) with the core material to an outermost surface (121). The Mg concentration of the filler material is 0.150 mass % or less at a first depth from the outermost surface that is ⅛ of a thickness (t.sub.f) of the filler material and is 5-90% of the amount of Mg in the core material at a second depth from the outermost surface that is ⅞ of the thickness of the filler material.

A brazing sheet (1) includes a core material (11) composed of an Al alloy that contains 0.20-3.0 mass % of Mg; and a filler material (12) layered on the core material and composed of an Al alloy that contains Mg, 6.0-13.0 mass % of Si, and more than 0.050 mass % and 1.0 mass % or less of Bi. The Mg concentration of the filler material becomes continuously lower in a direction from a boundary (122) with the core material to an outermost surface (121). The Mg concentration of the filler material is 0.150 mass % or less at a first depth from the outermost surface that is ⅛ of a thickness (t.sub.f) of the filler material and is 5-90% of the amount of Mg in the core material at a second depth from the outermost surface that is ⅞ of the thickness of the filler material.

An aqueous solution for surface treatment, for treating a surface of an alloy, the aqueous solution comprising: a copper compound at a copper ion concentration of 20000 ppm or more and 50000 ppm or less; a heterocyclic nitrogen compound at a concentration of 200 ppm or more and 3000 ppm or less; and a halide ion at a concentration of 2000 ppm or more and 70000 ppm or less.

Provided is a surface structure having freezing-delaying performance and freezing layer-separating performance The surface structure includes a microstructural layer formed in the form of microscale irregularities and a plurality of nanopores formed in the microstructural layer. A freezing-delaying layer is formed on a surface of the microstructural layer to delay a freezing phenomenon. Also, a hygroscopic material is accommodated in the nanopores, so that when a surface of the freezing-delaying layer starts to freeze, the hygroscopic material is discharged from the nanopores to form a hygroscopic material film, and thus adhesion between the freezing-delaying layer and ice is reduced to allow the ice to be detached from the freezing-delaying layer.

Provided is a surface structure having freezing-delaying performance and freezing layer-separating performance The surface structure includes a microstructural layer formed in the form of microscale irregularities and a plurality of nanopores formed in the microstructural layer. A freezing-delaying layer is formed on a surface of the microstructural layer to delay a freezing phenomenon. Also, a hygroscopic material is accommodated in the nanopores, so that when a surface of the freezing-delaying layer starts to freeze, the hygroscopic material is discharged from the nanopores to form a hygroscopic material film, and thus adhesion between the freezing-delaying layer and ice is reduced to allow the ice to be detached from the freezing-delaying layer.

System and method of manufacturing a laminated three-dimensional (3D) metallic object. The method includes: providing a plurality of foils of metal; marking portions of some of the foils in the plurality of foils with a marking agent that includes a material having electrochemical potential higher than the metal; bonding the plurality of marked foils into a block; and selectively etching parts of the block not in proximity to the marking agent.

An aluminum alloy substrate for a magnetic disk including an aluminum alloy containing 0.1 to 3.0 mass % of Fe, 0.005 to 1.000 mass % of Cu, and 0.005 to 1.000 mass % of Zn, with a balance of Al and inevitable impurities, wherein in an outer peripheral surface thereof, the number of holes having maximum diameters of 10 μm or more is 200/mm.sup.2 or less, an aluminum alloy base disk for a magnetic disk and a magnetic disk, using the aluminum alloy substrate, and methods for manufacturing these.

This application relates to a composite part that can include a non-metal layer having attachment features, and a metal part that is joined with the non-metal layer. The metal part can include a plurality of interlocking structures that are disposed at an external surface of the metal part, where each of the interlocking structures can include an opening characterized as having a first width, and an undercut region, where the opening leads into the undercut region, and the undercut region is characterized as having a second width that is greater than the first width such that the undercut region captures and retains one of the attachment features of the non-metal layer.

A brazing sheet (1) includes a core material (11) composed of an Al alloy that contains 0.20-3.0 mass % of Mg; and a filler material (12) layered on the core material and composed of an Al alloy that contains Mg, 6.0-13.0 mass % of Si, and more than 0.050 mass % and 1.0 mass % or less of Bi. The Mg concentration of the filler material becomes continuously lower in a direction from a boundary (122) with the core material to an outermost surface (121). The Mg concentration of the filler material is 0.150 mass % or less at a first depth from the outermost surface that is ⅛ of a thickness (t.sub.f) of the filler material and is 5-90% of the amount of Mg in the core material at a second depth from the outermost surface that is ⅞ of the thickness of the filler material.

A brazing sheet (1) includes a core material (11) composed of an Al alloy that contains 0.20-3.0 mass % of Mg; and a filler material (12) layered on the core material and composed of an Al alloy that contains Mg, 6.0-13.0 mass % of Si, and more than 0.050 mass % and 1.0 mass % or less of Bi. The Mg concentration of the filler material becomes continuously lower in a direction from a boundary (122) with the core material to an outermost surface (121). The Mg concentration of the filler material is 0.150 mass % or less at a first depth from the outermost surface that is ⅛ of a thickness (t.sub.f) of the filler material and is 5-90% of the amount of Mg in the core material at a second depth from the outermost surface that is ⅞ of the thickness of the filler material.