In a method for cathodically protecting and/or passivating a metal section in an ionically conductive material such as steel reinforcement in concrete or mortar, an impressed current or sacrificial anode communicates ionic current to the metal section and a storage component of electrical energy which can be a cell, battery or capacitor is provided as a component of the anode. A current limiter is provided which prevents excess current draining the supply. This can be a semi-conductive device such as a transistor or diode is connected in the path from the anode to the metal section to limit the cathodic protection current to a value of the order of 1 milliamp. When a diode or similar device is used the current can be limited to the reverse leakage current of the diode.

A powered anode current drive device is configured to automatically determine an anode drive current that offsets galvanic corrosion in a vessel. A method alerts a user on a change of an output of a powered anode current drive device. The method includes receiving an anode drive level output of the powered anode current drive device, determining electrical characteristics of the anode drive level output, analyzing the determined electrical characteristics for anomalous behavior, and generating an alert of the anomalous behavior.

A powered anode current drive device is configured to automatically determine an anode drive current that offsets galvanic corrosion in a vessel. A method alerts a user on a change of an output of a powered anode current drive device. The method includes receiving an anode drive level output of the powered anode current drive device, determining electrical characteristics of the anode drive level output, analyzing the determined electrical characteristics for anomalous behavior, and generating an alert of the anomalous behavior.

A reinforced concrete structure comprising a hardened concrete containing at least one steel reinforcement, a plurality of anode cavities and interconnecting slots formed within the hardened concrete, with the interconnecting slots interconnecting adjacent anode cavities with one another. A discrete galvanic anode is installed within each of the anode cavities. At least one connector for connecting the plurality of discrete galvanic anodes with the at least one steel reinforcement. A plurality of interconnecting galvanic anodes which each comprises a metallic element which has an interconnecting connector extending from opposed ends thereof. Each of the interconnecting galvanic anodes is installed within a respective interconnecting slot. First and second ends of the interconnecting connector are respectively connected to adjacent first and second discrete galvanic anodes. Each interconnecting galvanic anode contains sufficient sacrificial metal to increase a total protection current delivered to the steel reinforcement.

A load arrangement is provided for powering a load on a surface (30) of a marine structure (50) exposed to a liquid (10). The load arrangement has a carrier (100) and a conductor arrangement (110) arranged on the surface of the marine structure and coupled to one pole of a power source (1). The other pole is coupled to the liquid. The carrier has a back surface (102) to cover part of the conductor arrangement and the surface (30) of the marine structure. A load (20) in the carrier receives supply current from the power source via a front electrode (130) arranged for coupling to the liquid, and a back electrode (120) at the back surface arranged for coupling to the conductor arrangement. The load may be an UV-C LED for emitting anti-fouling light.

A load arrangement is provided for powering a load on a surface (30) of a marine structure (50) exposed to a liquid (10). The load arrangement has a carrier (100) and a conductor arrangement (110) arranged on the surface of the marine structure and coupled to one pole of a power source (1). The other pole is coupled to the liquid. The carrier has a back surface (102) to cover part of the conductor arrangement and the surface (30) of the marine structure. A load (20) in the carrier receives supply current from the power source via a front electrode (130) arranged for coupling to the liquid, and a back electrode (120) at the back surface arranged for coupling to the conductor arrangement. The load may be an UV-C LED for emitting anti-fouling light.

In a method for cathodically protecting and/or passivating a metal section in an ionically conductive material such as steel reinforcement in concrete or mortar, an impressed current or sacrificial anode communicates ionic current to the metal section and a storage component of electrical energy which can be a cell, battery or capacitor is provided as a component of the anode. A current limiter is provided which prevents excess current draining the supply. This can be a semi-conductive device such as a transistor or diode is connected in the path from the anode to the metal section to limit the cathodic protection current to a value of the order of 1 milliamp. When a diode or similar device is used the current can be limited to the reverse leakage current of the diode.

In a method for cathodically protecting and/or passivating a metal section in an ionically conductive material such as steel reinforcement in concrete or mortar, an impressed current or sacrificial anode communicates ionic current to the metal section and a storage component of electrical energy which can be a cell, battery or capacitor is provided as a component of the anode. A current limiter is provided which prevents excess current draining the supply. This can be a semi-conductive device such as a transistor or diode is connected in the path from the anode to the metal section to limit the cathodic protection current to a value of the order of 1 milliamp. When a diode or similar device is used the current can be limited to the reverse leakage current of the diode.

In a method for cathodically protecting and/or passivating a metal section in an ionically conductive material such as steel reinforcement in concrete or mortar, an impressed current or sacrificial anode communicates ionic current to the metal section and a storage component of electrical energy which can be a cell, battery or capacitor is provided as a component of the anode. The storage component can have replacement energy introduced by re-charging or replacing the component from an outside supply. Typically the cell or storage capacitor has an outer case which carries an anode material as an integral outer component. A mechanical clamp is provided to attach the assembly to a rebar. A current limiter is provided which prevents excess current draining the supply.

In a method for cathodically protecting and/or passivating a metal section in an ionically conductive material such as steel reinforcement in concrete or mortar, an impressed current or sacrificial anode communicates ionic current to the metal section and a storage component of electrical energy which can be a cell, battery or capacitor is provided as a component of the anode. The storage component can have replacement energy introduced by re-charging or replacing the component from an outside supply. Typically the cell or storage capacitor has an outer case which carries an anode material as an integral outer component. A mechanical clamp is provided to attach the assembly to a rebar. A current limiter is provided which prevents excess current draining the supply.