A water reservoir and electrolysis cell combination that has a flow connection between a lower fluid port of the water reservoir and an upper fluid port of the electrolysis cell. The flow connection includes a first conduit with an inner bore which serves as a first flow path for the flow of water by force of gravity from the water reservoir to an outlet for the first conduit positioned within the electrolysis cell. The second conduit is concentric to the first conduit and defines an annular space between the outer surface of the first conduit and the inner surface of the second conduit which serves as a second flow path for an upward flow of gas from the electrolysis cell to the water reservoir.

Disclosed herein are methods and systems that relate to oxidizing a metal ion of a metal oxyanion or a non-metal ion of a non-metal oxyanion from a lower oxidation state to a higher oxidation state at an anode and generate hydrogen gas at the cathode. The metal oxyanion with the metal ion in the higher oxidation state or the non-metal oxyanion with the non-metal ion in the higher oxidation state may be then subjected to a thermal reaction or a second electrochemical reaction, to form oxygen gas as well as to regenerate the metal oxyanion with the metal ion in the lower oxidation state or the non-metal oxyanion with the non-metal ion in the lower oxidation state, respectively.

Methods and systems for improved generation of hydroxy gas are presented. In one embodiment, a hydroxy gas generator is provided that includes a gas generation chamber that contains water and anode-cathode pairs. The anode-cathode pairs may be configured to generate hydroxy gas using a continuously-flowing supply of water. The hydroxy gas generator may also include a water structuring device that reduces the surface tension of the continuously-flowing supply of water. The water structuring device may also magnetically orient the molecules of the continuously-flowing supply of water. The hydroxy gas generator may further include a gas isolation system for extracting hydroxy gas from the gas generation chamber.

The present disclosure provides a method for preparing hydronium ion-dissolved water including: (a) purifying distilled water to prepare deionized water; (b) electrolyzing the water to produce a brown gas stream; (c) mixing air with the brown gas stream to form a mixed gas stream; (d) injecting the mixed gas stream into the deionized water and dissolving the mixed gas to prepare gas-dissolved water; and (e) injecting the gas-dissolved water into thin-layer chromatography, filtering the gas-dissolved water through a stationary phase provided inside the thin-layer chromatography, and then fractionating to adjust the concentration of dissolved gas. Accordingly, functional water in which hydronium ions are dissolved can be effectively prepared.

The present disclosure provides a method for preparing hydronium ion-dissolved water including: (a) purifying distilled water to prepare deionized water; (b) electrolyzing the water to produce a brown gas stream; (c) mixing air with the brown gas stream to form a mixed gas stream; (d) injecting the mixed gas stream into the deionized water and dissolving the mixed gas to prepare gas-dissolved water; and (e) injecting the gas-dissolved water into thin-layer chromatography, filtering the gas-dissolved water through a stationary phase provided inside the thin-layer chromatography, and then fractionating to adjust the concentration of dissolved gas. Accordingly, functional water in which hydronium ions are dissolved can be effectively prepared.

An electrochemical cell of the present disclosure includes a first cell and a second cell. The first cell includes a first electrolyte layer containing an oxide ion conductor. The second cell includes a second electrolyte layer containing a proton conductor, and the second cell is disposed to face the first cell.

An electrochemical cell of the present disclosure includes a first cell and a second cell. The first cell includes a first electrolyte layer containing an oxide ion conductor. The second cell includes a second electrolyte layer containing a proton conductor, and the second cell is disposed to face the first cell.

The hydrogen production system for internal combustion engines includes an intake air scoop, a vacuum block having an air input port system for receiving air from the intake air scoop, a water reservoir connected to the vacuum block for providing water to be mixed with the air in the vacuum block, at least one primary generator assembly with an inlet port for receiving the air/water vapor mixture from the vacuum block and producing a mixture of hydrogen, produced oxygen, and fine hydrogen production vapor from a partially oxidized water fog, and a plurality of secondary hydrogen generator assemblies connected to the primary generator assembly for receiving this mixture. The engine vacuum draws this mixture into the intake manifold to provide an ideal fuel mixture for the engine.

A gas production apparatus including: an electrolysis vessel; first and second electrolyte circulation systems; and an electrolyte exchanger, the first/second electrolyte circulation system including: a first/second circulation tank receiving and storing a first/second electrolyte flowing out from an anode chamber/a cathode chamber; and a first/second circulation pump supplying the first/second electrolyte to the anode chamber/the cathode chamber, the electrolyte exchanger transferring part of the first electrolyte existing in the first electrolyte circulation system into the second electrolyte circulation system on one hand, and transferring part of the second electrolyte existing in the second electrolyte circulation system into the first electrolyte circulation system on the other hand.

Electrolyzer devices (e.g., for Brown's gas production, hydrogen production, other electrolysis processes) including a containment vessel configured to be filled with an electrolyte solution, with a plurality of electrically conductive plates positioned therein. Each plate may be oriented vertically, where two or more of the plates are electrode plates. The electrode plates may extend outside of the containment vessel of the electrolyzer so that electrical connections to the electrode plates can be made outside of the containment vessel of the electrolyzer. No electrical connections are made on a sealed interior of the containment vessel. Each plate may include an insular wrap around the edges of each plate. The insular wrap may include grooves formed into the insular wrap into which the plates are received. Such grooves may negate the need for any gaskets. The insular wrap may include holes for passage of the solution into and out of the cells.