HHO gas is introduced to a diesel particulate filter to improve combustion of a fuel to aid in regeneration.

A dual-chamber onboard electrolysis system is configured to produce HHO gas for heavy duty trucking applications.

An HHO gas stream for use in an internal combustion engine is heated by heat exchange from with an exhaust gas stream from the internal combustion engine.

Timing of HHO gas injection into a 4-stroke engine is optimized based on engine operating parameters to improve fuel economy.

Injection of HHO gas to plural injection points about an internal combustion engine is controlled based on combustion timing parameters.

HHO gas is distributed proximate combustion chambers of a diesel engine and to a diesel particulate filter regeneration system.

An ultra low quantity of HHO gas is introduced to an internal combustion engine to improve fuel economy and/or reduce engine-out emissions, for example in a vehicle or generator.

Methods of promoting seed germination and plant growth using melanin, or a melanin precursor, derivative, or analog are provided. The methods described herein require water, melanin, or a melanin precursor, derivative, or analog, and a source of electromagnetic energy, such as visible or invisible light energy, to catalyze the electrolysis of water. The electrolysis of water causes the release of diatomic hydrogen and oxygen into the soil, resulting in acceleration of seed germination and plant growth. Also provided soilless growth medium compositions includes, but are not limited to, cotton, peat moss, wood bark, cellulose (i.e., organic cotton wool), pumice, coconut coir, vermiculite, foam, perlite, plastic or polystyrene pellets, and polymer-based gels.

Methods of promoting seed germination and plant growth using melanin, or a melanin precursor, derivative, or analog are provided. The methods described herein require water, melanin, or a melanin precursor, derivative, or analog, and a source of electromagnetic energy, such as visible or invisible light energy, to catalyze the electrolysis of water. The electrolysis of water causes the release of diatomic hydrogen and oxygen into the soil, resulting in acceleration of seed germination and plant growth. Also provided soilless growth medium compositions includes, but are not limited to, cotton, peat moss, wood bark, cellulose (i.e., organic cotton wool), pumice, coconut coir, vermiculite, foam, perlite, plastic or polystyrene pellets, and polymer-based gels.

The invention is a hydrolyser capable of operating with simple water, instead of using demineralized water with chemical additions of salts and other compounds. It can use both spring water and any other type of water, such as drinking water, sea water or grey or waste water. Gets separate outputs of hydrogen and oxygen. It is proposed a mechanical and circuit solution which allows ionic migration between anodes and cathodes, such that it does not require the addition of potash or other salts or other chemical systems suitable for improving the conductivity of the water in the hydrolysis cell. The system allows a very wide parallel surface interface between anode and cathode, despite the physical distance between anode and cathode and their clear separation. The total resistance of the water for each hydrolytic cell is very low, i.e. a high conductivity through the water, conductivity obtained through the artifice of the so-called ionic bridge.