A method of producing hydrogen includes providing a device, introducing a first stream including a fuel to the device, introducing a second stream comprising water to the device, reducing the water in the second stream to hydrogen, and extracting hydrogen from the device. The first stream and the second stream do not come in contact with each other in the device.

An electrode catalyst is configured such that non-noble metal particles, noble metal particles or nitride-doped noble metal particles are supported on a carbon support, wherein the carbon support has a 2D planar crystal structure or a 3D polyhedral crystal structure and is doped with nitrogen, thereby exhibiting increased catalytic activity.

Provided is a method for producing a nitride semiconductor photoelectrode capable of improving the light energy conversion efficiency. The method for producing a nitride semiconductor photoelectrode includes a first step of forming an n-type gallium nitride layer on an insulating or conductive substrate, a second step of forming an indium gallium nitride layer on the n-type gallium nitride layer, a third step of forming a nickel layer n the indium gallium nitride layer, and a fourth step of heat-treating the nickel layer in an oxygen atmosphere.

A wastewater to chemical fuel conversion device is provided that includes a housing having a first chamber and a second chamber, where the first chamber includes a bio-photoanode, where the second chamber includes a photocathode, where a backside of the bio-photoanode abuts a first side of a planatized fluorine doped tin oxide (FTO) glass, where a backside of the photocathode abuts a second side of the FTO glass, where a proton exchange membrane separates the first chamber from the second chamber, where the first chamber includes a wastewater input and a reclaimed water output, where the second chamber includes a solar light input and a H.sub.2 gas output, where the solar light input is disposed for solar light illumination of the first chamber and the second chamber.

An electrode for gas evolution in electrolytic processes and a method for the production of such an electrode, the electrode having a metal substrate and a coating formed on the substrate, wherein the coating has at least a highly porous catalytic outer layer containing nickel oxide and nickel hydroxide, the porous outer layer having a surface area of at least 40 m.sup.2/g (BET). The catalytic layer is prepared from a Ni oxide/V oxide initial coating with subsequent leaching of V.

The present disclosure provides for and includes electrocatalytic devices and methods for the production of Dry Hydrogen Peroxide (DHP), a non-hydrated, gaseous form of hydrogen peroxide.

An electrode catalyst layer for electrolytic cell 3 of an embodiment includes: a carbon material; a metal catalyst supported on the carbon material; and a water-repellent organic substance. In the electrode catalyst layer for electrolytic cell of the embodiment, the water-repellent organic substance includes an organic substance containing sulfur. A metal-sulfur bond is formed between the organic substance containing sulfur and the metal catalyst. A mass ratio (S/M) of a sulfur element (S) to a metal element (M) in the metal catalyst in the catalyst layer is not less than 0.03 nor more than 0.1.

Disclosed herein are doped perovskite oxides. The doped perovskite oxides may be used as a cathode material in an electrochemical cell to electrochemically generate ammonia from N.sub.2. The doped perovskite oxides may be combined with nitride compounds, for instance iron nitride, to further increase the efficiency of the ammonia production.

Disclosed herein are doped perovskite oxides. The doped perovskite oxides may be used as a cathode material in an electrochemical cell to electrochemically generate ammonia from N.sub.2. The doped perovskite oxides may be combined with nitride compounds, for instance iron nitride, to further increase the efficiency of the ammonia production.

In various examples, an anode, which may be for a metal ion-conducting electrochemical device, comprises a metal member; and a metal conducting coating, which may be an epitaxial (e.g., a homoepitaxial) metal conducing coating, disposed on at least a portion of the metal member (e.g., all portions of the metal member that would be or are in contact with the electrolyte of the metal ion-conducting electrochemical device). A metal conducting coating or an anode may be formed by electrodeposition in the presence of a field.