A method for generating a structurally altered gas molecule from water. An example method includes placing an electrolyte solution in a chemical reaction chamber, adding purified water to the chemical reaction chamber, and applying a focused magnetic field and an electric field to a mixture of the purified water and the electrolyte solution to cause generation of the structurally altered gas molecule from the purified water. The structurally altered gas molecule is a combination of two parts of hydrogen and one part of oxygen. The structurally altered gas molecule has a hydrogen-oxygen-hydrogen bond angle between 94 degrees and 104 degrees and hydrogen-oxygen bond length between 0.95 Angstrom and 1.3 Angstrom. The structurally altered gas molecule is stable at a pressure exceeding 300 pounds per square inch gauge.

A method for generating a structurally altered gas molecule from water. An example method includes placing an electrolyte solution in a chemical reaction chamber, adding purified water to the chemical reaction chamber, and applying a focused magnetic field and an electric field to a mixture of the purified water and the electrolyte solution to cause generation of the structurally altered gas molecule from the purified water. The structurally altered gas molecule is a combination of two parts of hydrogen and one part of oxygen. The structurally altered gas molecule has a hydrogen-oxygen-hydrogen bond angle between 94 degrees and 104 degrees and hydrogen-oxygen bond length between 0.95 Angstrom and 1.3 Angstrom. The structurally altered gas molecule is stable at a pressure exceeding 300 pounds per square inch gauge.

A system for improving efficiency of an internal combustion engine includes an electronic controller generating an RF signal and an electrolysis reactor electrically connected to the electronic controller. The electrolysis reactor includes a plurality of substantially parallel plates arranged in a stack. The plurality of plates includes a central positive plate, a first positive end plate, and a second positive end plate. The plurality of plates also includes a first negative plate located in the stack equidistantly between the central positive plate and the first positive end plate, and a second negative plate located in the stack equidistantly between the central positive plate and the second positive end plate. The plurality of plates further includes a plurality of neutral plates. The system also includes an aqueous solution flowing through the electrolysis reactor, the solution containing an electrolyte.

Systems and methods are provided for operating an electrolyzer. The electrolyzer comprising a plurality of electrolytic cells, each of the electrolytic cells comprising an electrolyte and two electrodes, the systems and methods comprising: a common voltage converter coupled in parallel to the plurality of electrolytic cells and configured to distribute power to the plurality of electrolytic cells; and control circuitry coupled to the plurality of electrolytic cells, the control circuitry configured to: monitor one or more parameters of the plurality of electrolytic cells; and generate, based on the one or more parameters, a model representing operating conditions of the electrolytic cells on an individual electrolytic cell basis.

A system and method of managing an on-demand electrolytic reactor for supplying hydrogen and oxygen gas to an internal combustion engine. The system minimizes reactor's power consumption and parasitic energy loss generally associated with perpetual reactors. The system comprises a plurality of sensors coupled to the reactor measuring a plurality of reactor parameters, an electronic control unit coupled to the plurality of sensors and the engine, and a reactor control board coupled to the reactor and the electronic control unit. The electronic control unit: monitors the plurality of reactor parameters and the plurality of engine parameters; determines a reactor performance level; determines an engine performance level; determines a change in the engine performance level to forecast a future engine demand level; and determines an ideal reactor performance level corresponding to the engine performance level or the future engine demand level. The reactor control board regulates the reactor by modifying at least one of electrical current supplied to the reactor, electrical voltage supplied to the reactor, and temperature of the reactor.

There are provided processes for preparing lithium hydroxide that comprise submitting an aqueous composition comprising a lithium compound to an electrolysis or an electrodialysis under conditions suitable for converting at least a portion of the lithium compound into lithium hydroxide. For example, the lithium compound can be lithium sulphate and the aqueous composition can be at least substantially maintained at a pH having a value of about 1 to about 4.

A technique for electrolysis includes applying a voltage across anode and cathode electrodes bathed in an electrolytic solution disposed within a plurality of hydrogen electrolyzer cells, venting hydrogen gas produced in cathode chambers of the hydrogen electrolyzer cells to a hydrogen exhaust manifold, venting oxygen gas produced in anode chambers of the hydrogen electrolyzer cells to an oxygen exhaust manifold, evaporating a portion of the electrolytic solution within at least one of the cathode or anode chambers, and maintaining the electrolytic solution in the hydrogen electrolyzer cells within a steady-state temperature range during the electrolysis based at least in part on an evaporative cooling of the electrolytic solution within the hydrogen electrolyzer cells.

A technique for electrolysis includes applying a voltage across anode and cathode electrodes bathed in an electrolytic solution disposed within a plurality of hydrogen electrolyzer cells, venting hydrogen gas produced in cathode chambers of the hydrogen electrolyzer cells to a hydrogen exhaust manifold, venting oxygen gas produced in anode chambers of the hydrogen electrolyzer cells to an oxygen exhaust manifold, evaporating a portion of the electrolytic solution within at least one of the cathode or anode chambers, and maintaining the electrolytic solution in the hydrogen electrolyzer cells within a steady-state temperature range during the electrolysis based at least in part on an evaporative cooling of the electrolytic solution within the hydrogen electrolyzer cells.

A modular electrolyzer system, comprising a plurality of generator modules, each of the plurality of generator modules including a hotbox, and a gas distribution module configured to supply hydrogen to each of the plurality of generator modules.

A modular electrolyzer system, comprising a plurality of generator modules, each of the plurality of generator modules including a hotbox, and a gas distribution module configured to supply hydrogen to each of the plurality of generator modules.