The systems and methods described herein provide for a hydrogen generation system that includes one or more gas-detecting sensors for measuring the concentration of gases within or associated with the hydrogen generation system. The obtained measurements may be utilized for many purposes by a controller or control system of the hydrogen generator. When such concentrations are measured, one or more remedial actions may be executed on the generator to prevent the unsafe operating condition. Further, many such safety gas sensors may be associated with a corresponding redundant gas sensor such that measurements from the gas sensor and the redundant gas sensor may be compared to determine a difference between the two measurements which may indicate an operational state of the hydrogen generator. The gas measurements from the sensors may also be analyzed to obtain data and information of an operational status of the hydrogen generator.

A carbon dioxide electrolytic device includes: a carbon dioxide electrolysis cell having a cathode and an anode flow path, a cathode, an anode, and a first diaphragm; a first current regulator to supply a first current; a first gas/liquid separator to separate a first fluid from the anode flow path into a first liquid and gas; an electrodialysis cell having, first and second electrodes, first to fourth rooms, and second to fourth diaphragms; a second current regulator to supply a second current; at least one detector out of a first detector to detect a flow rate of the first gas or a concentration of carbon dioxide in the first gas, and a second detector to detect a pH or a concentration of at least one ion in the first fluid; and a first controller to regulate a second current, in accordance with at least one detection signal.

A carbon dioxide electrolytic device includes: a carbon dioxide electrolysis cell having a cathode and an anode flow path, a cathode, an anode, and a first diaphragm; a first current regulator to supply a first current; a first gas/liquid separator to separate a first fluid from the anode flow path into a first liquid and gas; an electrodialysis cell having, first and second electrodes, first to fourth rooms, and second to fourth diaphragms; a second current regulator to supply a second current; at least one detector out of a first detector to detect a flow rate of the first gas or a concentration of carbon dioxide in the first gas, and a second detector to detect a pH or a concentration of at least one ion in the first fluid; and a first controller to regulate a second current, in accordance with at least one detection signal.

A solid oxide electrolyzer cell (SOEC) system, the system including one or more stamps that receives hydrogen input and outputs wet hydrogen, a heat exchanger or condenser that receives the wet hydrogen, the heat exchanger or condenser being configured to decrease the temperature of the wet hydrogen and remove at least some of the saturated water vapor in the wet hydrogen, a compressor that is configured to increase the pressure of the wet hydrogen, and a dryer that is configured to reduce the dew point of the wet hydrogen.

A solid oxide electrolyzer cell (SOEC) system, the system including one or more stamps that receives hydrogen input and outputs wet hydrogen, a heat exchanger or condenser that receives the wet hydrogen, the heat exchanger or condenser being configured to decrease the temperature of the wet hydrogen and remove at least some of the saturated water vapor in the wet hydrogen, a compressor that is configured to increase the pressure of the wet hydrogen, and a dryer that is configured to reduce the dew point of the wet hydrogen.

Disclosed are a water electrolysis system and a control method thereof. The water electrolysis system includes: i) a water electrolysis stack including active electrodes receiving an electrolyte and producing hydrogen and oxygen by electrolyzing the electrolyte; ii) a gas-liquid separation device receiving a product produced from the water electrolysis stack, separating the product into an electrolyte, oxygen, and hydrogen, and discharging the electrolyte, oxygen, and hydrogen; iii) a hydrogen sensor measuring a concentration of hydrogen in oxygen discharged from the gas-liquid separation device or a concentration of hydrogen in a circulating electrolyte; and iv) an electrolyte re-supplying module replenishing the electrolyte discharged from the gas-liquid separation device with water and then re-supplying the electrolyte to the water electrolysis stack, and selectively raising a temperature of the electrolyte on the basis of the concentration of hydrogen measured by the hydrogen sensor to remove gas in the electrolyte.

Disclosed are a water electrolysis system and a control method thereof. The water electrolysis system includes: i) a water electrolysis stack including active electrodes receiving an electrolyte and producing hydrogen and oxygen by electrolyzing the electrolyte; ii) a gas-liquid separation device receiving a product produced from the water electrolysis stack, separating the product into an electrolyte, oxygen, and hydrogen, and discharging the electrolyte, oxygen, and hydrogen; iii) a hydrogen sensor measuring a concentration of hydrogen in oxygen discharged from the gas-liquid separation device or a concentration of hydrogen in a circulating electrolyte; and iv) an electrolyte re-supplying module replenishing the electrolyte discharged from the gas-liquid separation device with water and then re-supplying the electrolyte to the water electrolysis stack, and selectively raising a temperature of the electrolyte on the basis of the concentration of hydrogen measured by the hydrogen sensor to remove gas in the electrolyte.

An electrochemical cell including a first chamber having an anode, a second chamber having a cathode, at least one ionic connection between the first chamber and the second chamber, such that liquid electrolyte from the first chamber is prevented from mixing with liquid electrolyte in the second chamber is provided. The first chamber and the second chamber can be arranged in parallel and positioned remotely from each other. An electrochemical system including the electrochemical cell, and first and second sources of saline aqueous solutions is also provided. Water treatment systems are also provided. A method of operating an electrochemical cell including introducing first and second saline aqueous solutions into first and second chambers of the electrochemical cell, and applying a current across the anode and the cathode to generate first and second products, respectively is also provided. A method of facilitating operation of an electrochemical cell is also provided.

The method of producing hydrogen peroxide using nanostructured bismuth oxide is an electrochemical process for producing hydrogen peroxide using a cathode formed as oxygen-deficient nanostructured bismuth oxide deposited as a film on the surface of a conducting substrate. An anode and the cathode are immersed in an alkaline solution saturated with oxygen in an electrolytic cell. An electrical potential is established across the cathode and the anode to initiate electrochemical reduction of the oxygen in the alkaline solution to produce hydrogen peroxide by oxygen reduction reaction.

The method of producing hydrogen peroxide using nanostructured bismuth oxide is an electrochemical process for producing hydrogen peroxide using a cathode formed as oxygen-deficient nanostructured bismuth oxide deposited as a film on the surface of a conducting substrate. An anode and the cathode are immersed in an alkaline solution saturated with oxygen in an electrolytic cell. An electrical potential is established across the cathode and the anode to initiate electrochemical reduction of the oxygen in the alkaline solution to produce hydrogen peroxide by oxygen reduction reaction.