A method of reducing a gaseous compound, for example, nitrogen or carbon dioxide, the method comprising the steps of subjecting the gaseous compound to plasma forming conditions to form a plasma; contacting the plasma with water or an electrolyte at a plasma-water or electrolyte-water interface, thereby to provide a dissolved plasma derived species; and electrocatalytically reducing said dissolved plasma derived species to provide a reduced compound. The plasma may for example be generated by a combination of glow discharge and spark discharge in a configuration of a pin-to-liquid with no enclosure, pin-to-liquid with nozzle enclosure, or a pin-to-liquid with a column bubbler enclosure. A catalyst, such as transition metal, maybe added, advantageously in the form of a nano structured catalyst.

A method of operating an electrochemical device includes the steps of: applying a first adsorption voltage to a function electrode while supplying a predetermined gas to the function electrode; and switching the first adsorption voltage to a second adsorption voltage higher than the first adsorption voltage while maintaining the supply of the predetermined gas to the function electrode.

A method of operating an electrochemical device includes the steps of: applying a first adsorption voltage to a function electrode while supplying a predetermined gas to the function electrode; and switching the first adsorption voltage to a second adsorption voltage higher than the first adsorption voltage while maintaining the supply of the predetermined gas to the function electrode.

Aspects of the present disclosure provide a system for a carbon oxide electrolysis plant incorporating advanced electrochemical reactors incorporating membrane electrode assemblies as well as control mechanisms. The system provides efficient transport and production rates while minimizing the competing hydrogen formation reaction. The system may use multiple electrochemical reactors, scaling up production with high energy efficiency, while providing flexibility in the types of chemical product outputs.

Aspects of the present disclosure provide a system for a carbon oxide electrolysis plant incorporating advanced electrochemical reactors incorporating membrane electrode assemblies as well as control mechanisms. The system provides efficient transport and production rates while minimizing the competing hydrogen formation reaction. The system may use multiple electrochemical reactors, scaling up production with high energy efficiency, while providing flexibility in the types of chemical product outputs.

A containerised modular electrochemical cell system, comprising: a housing; and a plurality of electrochemical stacks removably mounted within said housing, each stack comprising: one or more electrochemical cells; one or more fluid inlet(s) for receiving feedstock; and one or more product outlet(s), wherein the stacks are arranged in at least one string, each string comprising two or more of the stacks, the stacks in each string being electrically connectable in series, and each string being connectable to a power source, and wherein each stack or string is configured to be independently activated; and wherein each string comprises: at least one feedstock inlet manifold fluidly coupled to the inlet(s) of the stacks of the string for distributing feedstock between the inlet(s) of the stacks, and at least one product outlet manifold fluidly coupled to the outlet(s) of the stacks of the string; and flow regulation means configured to regulate fluid flow through the inlet(s) and/or outlet(s).

A containerised modular electrochemical cell system, comprising: a housing; and a plurality of electrochemical stacks removably mounted within said housing, each stack comprising: one or more electrochemical cells; one or more fluid inlet(s) for receiving feedstock; and one or more product outlet(s), wherein the stacks are arranged in at least one string, each string comprising two or more of the stacks, the stacks in each string being electrically connectable in series, and each string being connectable to a power source, and wherein each stack or string is configured to be independently activated; and wherein each string comprises: at least one feedstock inlet manifold fluidly coupled to the inlet(s) of the stacks of the string for distributing feedstock between the inlet(s) of the stacks, and at least one product outlet manifold fluidly coupled to the outlet(s) of the stacks of the string; and flow regulation means configured to regulate fluid flow through the inlet(s) and/or outlet(s).

Method for operating an oxocarbon electrolysis reactor are disclosed. A disclosed method includes supplying a cathode area of the oxocarbon electrolysis reactor with an oxocarbon species as a reduction substrate for a reduction reaction. The reduction reaction uses a catalyst in the cathode area of the oxocarbon electrolysis reactor. The method also includes supplying an anode area of the oxocarbon electrolysis reactor with an oxidation substrate for an oxidation reaction. The method also includes valorizing the oxocarbon species into a useful species in a valorization process. The valorization process includes the reduction reaction and the oxidation reaction. The method also includes supplying an oxidant to the cathode area of the oxocarbon electrolysis reactor, whereby the oxidant revitalizes the catalyst.

A device for supplying water to a water electrolysis cell and supplying a voltage to obtain hydrogen and oxygen, the device comprising: a water electrolysis stack in which a water electrolysis cell is laminated; a water supply side path having a pipe for supplying water to the water electrolysis stack; a hydrogen side path having a pipe for recovering hydrogen generated from the water electrolysis stack; and a water recirculation path having a pipe for returning water from the hydrogen side path to the water supply side path; and a conductivity meter for measuring conductivity of water flowing through the pipe, a valve for draining water from the pipe, and a controller for performing control for draining water from the valve based on a measured value of the conductivity meter, in the water supply side path and the water recirculation path.

A device for supplying water to a water electrolysis cell and supplying a voltage to obtain hydrogen and oxygen, the device comprising: a water electrolysis stack in which a water electrolysis cell is laminated; a water supply side path having a pipe for supplying water to the water electrolysis stack; a hydrogen side path having a pipe for recovering hydrogen generated from the water electrolysis stack; and a water recirculation path having a pipe for returning water from the hydrogen side path to the water supply side path; and a conductivity meter for measuring conductivity of water flowing through the pipe, a valve for draining water from the pipe, and a controller for performing control for draining water from the valve based on a measured value of the conductivity meter, in the water supply side path and the water recirculation path.