A metal sulfate manufacturing system comprising an electrochemical dissolution system having, an anode electrode that holds metal raw material, a cathode electrode, an electrolyte bath having an inlet to receive an initial acid or metal-acid complex solution and an outlet to discharge the treated metal sulfate solution, stirring equipment that mixes the electrolyte bath, a temperature control system, and a rectifier that supplies current at constant voltage between the anode and cathode electrode.

A method for performing electrolysis with an electrolysis installation, including recording a respective measurement value of the electrolysis for multiple points of time and from the points of time, selecting multiple reference points of time, which define a reference period. Fitting a mathematical function to the measurement values recorded for the reference points of time. Performing at least one of the following sub-steps: from the mathematical function, determining an ageing coefficient that is a measure of the ageing of the electrolysis installation, and/or recording a respective measurement value of the electrolysis for at least one point of time that lies after the reference period, comparing this measurement value with a corresponding value calculated with the mathematical function and issuing an indication in case a result of this comparison violates a tolerance criterion.

A method for performing electrolysis with an electrolysis installation, including recording a respective measurement value of the electrolysis for multiple points of time and from the points of time, selecting multiple reference points of time, which define a reference period. Fitting a mathematical function to the measurement values recorded for the reference points of time. Performing at least one of the following sub-steps: from the mathematical function, determining an ageing coefficient that is a measure of the ageing of the electrolysis installation, and/or recording a respective measurement value of the electrolysis for at least one point of time that lies after the reference period, comparing this measurement value with a corresponding value calculated with the mathematical function and issuing an indication in case a result of this comparison violates a tolerance criterion.

A system and method for continuous batch monitoring of key quality characteristics of the production of precisely targeted FAC, optimally HOCl, through use of pressure, temperature, pH, ORP, tonicity sensors and spectroscopy instruments measuring the dynamic averages of product in a circulating vessel that informs the input production system through a dynamic feedback loop to make corrective formulations of key characteristics such that corrections occur to the constantly monitored HOCl solution in order to meet verified quality standard at the storage vessel's point of dispensing.

A method for controlling a hydrogen generation system includes controlling the potentials of an electrode for oxygen generation and an electrode for hydrogen generation included in an electrolyzer so that the potential change is smaller in the electrode for oxygen generation or the electrode for hydrogen generation having a larger deterioration rate than in the electrode having a smaller deterioration rate.

A method for controlling a hydrogen generation system includes controlling the potentials of an electrode for oxygen generation and an electrode for hydrogen generation included in an electrolyzer so that the potential change is smaller in the electrode for oxygen generation or the electrode for hydrogen generation having a larger deterioration rate than in the electrode having a smaller deterioration rate.

An embodiment of an electrochemical system includes a reaction fluid supply line configured to supply a reaction fluid, a first gas-liquid separator connected to the reaction fluid supply line and configured to separate the reaction fluid into a gaseous reaction fluid and a liquid reaction fluid, a circulation line connected to the first gas-liquid separator and configured to allow the liquid reaction fluid to circulate therethrough, a water electrolysis stack provided in the circulation line, and a first bypass line having a first end at an upstream side of the water electrolysis stack and connected to the circulation line, and a second end at a downstream side of the water electrolysis stack and connected to the circulation line.

An embodiment of an electrochemical system includes a reaction fluid supply line configured to supply a reaction fluid, a first gas-liquid separator connected to the reaction fluid supply line and configured to separate the reaction fluid into a gaseous reaction fluid and a liquid reaction fluid, a circulation line connected to the first gas-liquid separator and configured to allow the liquid reaction fluid to circulate therethrough, a water electrolysis stack provided in the circulation line, and a first bypass line having a first end at an upstream side of the water electrolysis stack and connected to the circulation line, and a second end at a downstream side of the water electrolysis stack and connected to the circulation line.

An electrochemical system includes: a gas-liquid separator configured to separate a reaction fluid into a gaseous reaction fluid and a liquid reaction fluid; a first circulation line connected to the gas-liquid separator and configured to circulate the liquid reaction fluid; a water electrolysis stack provided in the first circulation line; a first pump provided in the first circulation line; a second circulation line connected to the gas-liquid separator in parallel with the first circulation line and configured to circulate the liquid reaction fluid; a property processing unit provided in the second circulation line and configured to process properties of the liquid reaction fluid; and a second pump provided in the second circulation line, thereby reducing a load of the pump and improving efficiency of the system.

An electrochemical system includes: a gas-liquid separator configured to separate a reaction fluid into a gaseous reaction fluid and a liquid reaction fluid; a first circulation line connected to the gas-liquid separator and configured to circulate the liquid reaction fluid; a water electrolysis stack provided in the first circulation line; a first pump provided in the first circulation line; a second circulation line connected to the gas-liquid separator in parallel with the first circulation line and configured to circulate the liquid reaction fluid; a property processing unit provided in the second circulation line and configured to process properties of the liquid reaction fluid; and a second pump provided in the second circulation line, thereby reducing a load of the pump and improving efficiency of the system.