A method of producing hydrogen in a plant for hydrogen production during combustion of a mixture of hydrocarbon feedstock with an oxidizer with an oxidant excess ratio of less than 1. The method is characterized in that the combustion process is carried out at a temperature of less than 1400 K inside several cavities, completely or partially formed by a material permeable to a mixture of hydrocarbon feedstock with an oxidant.

The technology relates to a method of producing synthesis gas comprising carbon monoxide (CO) and hydrogen (H.sub.2), wherein the synthesis gas is produced by a reduction reaction of a first flow comprising a carbon source and an excess of hydrogen in contact with an Oxy-flame. The hydrogen comes from a reducing stream, a first portion of which ends up in the first flow, and a second part of which is used to generate the Oxy-flame by combustion of the hydrogen in the presence of a second flow comprising oxygen (O.sub.2), the second flow coming from an oxidizing stream. The first flow and the second flow are at a distance from each other such that the Oxy-flame supports the reaction between the carbon source and the hydrogen. A reactor, which can have different configurations, is also proposed for implementing the method.

Proposed are a process and a plant for producing a hydrogen- and carbon oxides-containing synthesis gas by partial noncatalytic oxidation of a fluid or fluidizable carbon-containing input stream of fossil origin as a first input stream in the presence of an oxygen-containing oxidant and optionally a moderator to obtain a CO-rich raw synthesis gas. According to the invention a second input stream including a pyrolysis oil obtained from biomass is reacted simultaneously with the first input stream in the noncatalytic partial oxidation.

A system and method for producing hydrogen and/or power at scale. A partial combustion of a carbonaceous gaseous and/or liquid feed with an oxygen-containing feed generates heat for pyrolyzing non-combusted carbonaceous gaseous and/or liquid feed materials to produce an effluent including hydrogen, carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide, water, and nitrogen. Electrolysis powered by a renewable energy source converts water to hydrogen and oxygen for the oxygen-containing feed. Hydrogen is collected from the electrolysis, and also from the effluent, and sent to a hydrogen-based power generator.

A method and apparatus for reforming carbonaceous material into syngas containing hydrogen and CO gases is disclosed. In one embodiment, a hydrogen rich torch reactor is provided for defining a reaction zone proximate to torch flame. One input of the reactor receives input material to be processed. Further inputs may be provided, such as for example to introduce steam and/or gases such as methane, oxygen, hydrogen, or the like.

A method and apparatus for reforming carbonaceous material into syngas containing hydrogen and CO gases is disclosed. In one embodiment, a hydrogen rich torch reactor is provided for defining a reaction zone proximate to torch flame. One input of the reactor receives input material to be processed. Further inputs may be provided, such as for example to introduce steam and/or gases such as methane, oxygen, hydrogen, or the like.

Systems for producing hydrogen gas for local distribution, consumption, and/or storage, and related devices and methods are disclosed herein. A representative system includes a pyrolysis reactor system that can be coupled to a supply of reaction material that includes a hydrocarbon. The pyrolysis reactor system includes one or more combustion components positioned to transfer heat to the reaction material to convert the hydrocarbon into an output that includes hydrogen gas and carbon particulates. The pyrolysis reactor system also includes a carbon separation system positioned to separate the hydrogen gas the carbon particulates in the output. In various embodiments, the system also includes components to locally consume the filtered hydrogen gas, such as a power generator, heating appliance, and/or a combined heat and power device.

A process of partial oxidation is performed in a reactor which includes a reaction chamber and a burner assembly, wherein: the burner assembly has a single oxidant nozzle located within an fuel channel, said oxidant nozzle comprises a nozzle pipe and a nozzle outlet, the nozzle pipe and the fuel channel are arranged to produce a diffusion flame, the nozzle outlet has a shape with two or more elongate lobes projecting from a center of the nozzle pipe.

The present invention is a combustion strategy using a swirl burner tip, which is one of stoichiometric mixture of reactants (2H.sub.2+O.sub.2.fwdarw.2H.sub.2O) with added high quality dry steam (H.sub.2O (g)) as a thermal diluent. The amount of dry steam can be determined by the safety requirements of the reactants and the desired temperature of post-flame gases. It can be appreciated that the design of the swirl burner tip is for safe handling of the reactants, and for rapid and thorough mixing of the reactants so combustion occurs in a nearly premixed configuration exterior of the swirl burner tip. The H.sub.2/O.sub.2 ratio is fixed to consume all H.sub.2 and O.sub.2 (stoichiometric), with dry steam (H.sub.2O (g)) strategically added to the reactants. The burner tip is configured to create counter swirling reactant flows separate from each other.

A fuel cell system includes a fuel cell, and a burner. The burner has anode off-gas apertures and first and second cathode off-gas apertures. In a cross section of the burner at a cutting plane that passes a first cathode off-gas aperture, an anode off-gas aperture, and a second cathode off-gas aperture that are aligned on a straight line when seen in plan view, the first cathode off-gas aperture is provided on one side of the anode off-gas aperture such that a vector of an ejecting direction of cathode off-gas forms a first acute angle with a vector of an ejecting direction of anode off-gas, and the second cathode off-gas aperture is provided on the other side of the anode off-gas aperture such that the vector of the ejecting direction of cathode off-gas forms a second acute angle with the vector of the ejecting direction of anode off-gas.