This invention integrates a membrane with a steam reformer such that a membrane is placed between a raw biogas feed, and a steam reformer to supply a retentate of purified methane feed to the steam reformer and the permeate as fuel to the steam reformer,

The present invention describes a processes, systems, and catalysts for the conversion of carbon dioxide and water and electricity into low carbon or zero carbon high quality fuels and chemicals. In one aspect, the present invention provides an integrated process for the conversion of a feed stream comprising carbon dioxide to a product stream comprising hydrocarbons between 5 and 24 carbon atoms in length.

An engine system includes an engine configured to combust liquid natural gas and generate an exhaust gas comprising methane; a catalytic reactor coupled downstream of the engine and configured to convert methane into a product through one or more of oxidative coupling of methane (OCM) reaction and steam methane reforming (SMR) reaction; and a recirculation loop configured to recirculate at least a part of the product back to the engine.

An apparatus for producing synthesis gas (syngas) is provided. The apparatus includes a hub, including an autothermal dry reforming of methane apparatus, configured to receive CO.sub.2 and O.sub.2, and configured to produce a first stream of syngas with low a H.sub.2/CO mole ratio; an autothermal steam reforming of methane apparatus, configured to receive steam and O.sub.2, and configured to produce a second stream of syngas with a high H.sub.2/CO mole ratio; an H.sub.2 separation apparatus, configured to receive H.sub.2 and CO.sub.2, and coupled to the autothermal dry reforming of methane apparatus to deliver CO.sub.2 thereto; and a reactor for converting CO to H.sub.2 using a water-gas shift reaction, coupled to the autothermal steam reforming of methane apparatus to receive the second stream of syngas, and coupled to the H.sub.2 separation apparatus to deliver a stream of H.sub.2 and CO.sub.2 thereto. A method for producing synthesis gas is provided. The method includes configuring an autothermal dry reforming of methane apparatus to receive CO.sub.2 from industrial emission sources and an H.sub.2 separation apparatus, which receives H.sub.2 and CO.sub.2 from a water gas shift reactor fed with a portion of the second stream of syngas from an autothermal steam reforming of methane apparatus.

Process and plant for producing a synthesis gas by catalytic steam reforming of a hydrocarbon feedstock in a steam reforming unit, wherein water is removed from the synthesis gas as a process condensate, wherein boiler feed water is introduced in the process, and wherein said process or plant produces at least two separate steam streams: a pure steam which is generated from at least a portion of said boiler feed water by the cooling of synthesis gas, and a process steam which is generated by evaporating at least a portion of the process condensate by using synthesis gas, optionally together with pure steam and/or flue gas from the steam reforming unit.

A method for producing a synthetic fuel from hydrogen and carbon dioxide comprises extracting hydrogen molecules from hydrogen compounds in a hydrogen feedstock to produce a hydrogen-containing fluid stream; extracting carbon dioxide molecules from a dilute gaseous mixture in a carbon dioxide feedstock to produce a carbon dioxide containing fluid stream; and processing the hydrogen and carbon dioxide containing fluid streams to produce a synthetic fuel. At least some thermal energy and/or material used for at least one of the steps of extracting hydrogen molecules, extracting carbon dioxide molecules, and processing the hydrogen and carbon dioxide containing fluid streams is obtained from thermal energy and/or material produced by another one of the steps of extracting hydrogen molecules, extracting carbon dioxide molecules, and processing the hydrogen and carbon dioxide containing fluid streams.

Sequential and once-through (single pass) process for the co-production of methanol and ammonia and conversion of at least a part of ammonia to urea by reaction of the ammonia with carbon dioxide collected from a primary reformer flue gas together with carbon dioxide separated from reformed gas in a carbon dioxide removal stage.

Method for the preparation of synthesis gas combining electrolysis of water, tubular steam reforming and autothermal reforming of a hydrocarbon feed stock in parallel.

A combined reforming apparatus is provided. The combined reforming apparatus includes a body, a first catalyst tube disposed inside the body and reacting at a first temperature to reform hydrocarbons (C.sub.xH.sub.y) having two or more carbon atoms into methane (CH.sub.4), a second catalyst tube disposed inside the body, connected to the first catalyst tube, and reacting at a second temperature higher than the first temperature to reform methane (CH.sub.4) into synthesis gas comprising hydrogen (H.sub.2) and carbon monoxide (CO), and a combustion unit configured to supply heat to the first and second catalyst tubes.

A combined reforming apparatus is provided. The combined reforming apparatus includes a body, a plurality of first catalyst tubes disposed inside the body and reacting at a first temperature to reform hydrocarbons (C.sub.xH.sub.y) having two or more carbon atoms into methane (CH.sub.4), a plurality of second catalyst tubes disposed inside the body, connected to the plurality of first catalyst tubes, and reacting at a second temperature higher than the first temperature to reform methane (CH.sub.4) into synthesis gas containing hydrogen (H.sub.2) and carbon monoxide (CO), a combustion unit configured to supply heat to the plurality of first catalyst tubes and the plurality of second catalyst tubes, and a first distributor configured to connect the plurality of first catalyst tubes to each of the second catalyst tubes to distribute steam and gas discharged from the plurality of first catalyst tubes to the plurality of second catalyst tubes.