A top-fired reformer box is provided. The top-fired reformer box includes a burner row, a tube row, a reformer tunnel including a closed end, an open end, and a plurality of tunnel ports formed along a side wall of the reformer tunnel, the plurality of tunnel ports including a one or more tunnel port located along the side of the tunnel, and a flow resistor positioned at least one tunnel port applying a flow resistance for flue gas entering the reformer tunnel via the at least one tunnel port such that uniform flow is achieved within the reformer tunnel.

A system and method for converting (dry reforming) natural gas (methane) and carbon dioxide via reformer catalyst in a dry reformer into syngas including carbon monoxide and hydrogen, and discharging the syngas to a Fischer-Tropsch (FT) reactor. Supplemental hydrogen is generated via water electrolysis and added to the syngas in route to the FT reactor to increase the molar ratio of hydrogen to carbon monoxide in the syngas. The syngas may be converted via FT catalyst in the FT reactor into FT waxes.

Plant and process for the generation of hydrogen from a hydrocarbonaceous feed gas and steam by means of catalytic steam reformation, wherein the heat of the synthesis gas and the flue gas is utilized for generating export steam from boiler feed water and process steam from the condensate separated from the synthesis gas, and wherein the gases expelled from the boiler feed water during its degasification and the vapors obtained during the depressurization of the elutriation waters of the steam boilers for the generation of export and process steam are used for preheating the fuel gas for operation of the burners of the steam reformer.

A synthesis process comprising steam reforming a gaseous hydrocarbon feedstock; exothermically reacting the resulting synthesis gas; removing heat from said exothermal reaction by producing steam; using said steam as heat input to the steam reforming, wherein the steam reforming comprises: a) forming a mixture containing steam and hydrocarbons by at least the step of adding a first stream of water to the hydrocarbon feedstock; b) heating said mixture by indirect heat exchange with synthesis gas; c) reforming said mixture after said heating step b).

Process including the production of a hydrogen-containing synthesis gas by conversion of a hydrocarbon feedstock, wherein said process has a heat input provided by combustion of a plurality of process fuel streams and said plurality of process fuel streams comprises at least one fuel stream of ammonia. Combustion of said at least one fuel stream of ammonia is performed non-catalytically in at least one fired equipment.

Moulded insulation bodies, processes for the production thereof and use thereof consisting essentially of ceramic material comprising SiO.sub.2 fibers and Al.sub.2O.sub.3 fibers which has been produced using Al.sub.2O.sub.3 sol as a binder and kilned at a temperature of above 800° C. for insulation of the ends of cracking tubes of a tubular reactor for performing a steam reforming process for generating synthesis gas which project out of the reactor heating space.

The invention relates to a process and a plant for producing pure hydrogen from an input gas containing hydrogen and hydrocarbons, in particular from a hydrogen-containing refinery off-gas, by steam reforming in a steam reforming stage and multi-stage hydrogen enrichment. According to the invention the input gas containing hydrogen and hydrocarbons is separated in a first hydrogen enrichment stage into a hydrogen-enriched substream and a hydrogen-depleted sub stream, wherein at least a portion of the hydrogen-enriched substream is supplied to a second hydrogen enrichment stage or introduced into the pure hydrogen product stream and at least a portion of the hydrogen-depleted substream is supplied to the steam reforming stage as a reforming feed stream or as part thereof and/or to the burners as a fuel gas stream.

A top-fired reformer box is provided. The top-fired reformer box includes a burner row, a tube row, a reformer tunnel including a closed end, an open end, and a plurality of tunnel ports formed along a side wall of the reformer tunnel, the plurality of tunnel ports including a one or more tunnel port located along the side of the tunnel, and a flow resistor positioned at least one tunnel port applying a flow resistance for flue gas entering the reformer tunnel via the at least one tunnel port such that uniform flow is achieved within the reformer tunnel.

Presented are processes for the beneficial conversion of CO.sub.2 and other environmentally destructive compounds to their constituent parts by the application of thermal plasma containing activated species whereby the interaction of the plasma with the compounds and reactions of CO.sub.2 and H.sub.2 generate more environmentally friendly compounds comprising in part oxygen and hydrogen. The thermal plasma may be vibro-shear plasma generated by the superheating of either steam, gas or a combination of both.

A plant for producing a synthesis gas chiefly consisting of hydrogen and carbon monoxide by catalytic steam reformation of a hydrocarbonaceous feed gas, wherein the heat of burners required for the chemical reforming reactions to take place is generated by producing a flue gas and wherein, by utilizing the heat contained in the synthesis gas and in the flue gas, a pure steam is generated from boiler feed water and a process steam is generated from process condensate, wherein for the generation of the pure steam synthesis gas and flue gas are used and for the generation of the process steam a part of the pure steam is used as heat-transfer medium and the remaining part of the pure steam is discharged from the process as export steam.