A furnace and a process for temperature control of a material stream, wherein the furnace has a first combustion chamber, at least one reactor tube for receiving the material stream to be heated, and at least one second combustion chamber. The at least one reactor tube extends through the first combustion chamber and through the at least one second combustion chamber. The furnace is designed to establish a first temperature in the first combustion chamber and a second temperature in the at least one second combustion chamber, wherein the first temperature and the second temperature are separately adjustable.

The disclosure discloses a reformer of a system for preparing hydrogen with an aqueous solution of methanol, a system for preparing hydrogen with an aqueous solution of methanol and a hydrogen production method. An end of a reformer of a system for preparing hydrogen with an aqueous solution of methanol has an initiation device, the initiation device includes a holder, the holder has a material input tube, a heating vaporization tube, an ignition device and a temperature detection device; the material input tube and the heating vaporization tube are communicated, the material enters the heating vaporization tube through the material input tube and is exported from an end of the heating vaporization tube; a position of the ignition device is corresponding to the end of the heating vaporization tube, the ignition device is applied to ignite the material exported from the heating vaporization tube.

The present invention relates to reactor tubes packed with a catalyst system employed to deliberately bias process gas flow toward the hot tube segment and away from the cold segment in order to reduce the circumferential tube temperature variation.

A power generation system that includes a membrane reformer assembly, wherein syngas is formed from a steam reforming reaction of natural gas and steam, and wherein hydrogen is separated from the syngas via a hydrogen-permeable membrane, a combustor for an oxy-combustion of a fuel, an expander to generate power, and an ion transport membrane assembly, wherein oxygen is separated from an oxygen-containing stream to be combusted in the combustor. Various embodiments of the power generation system and a process for generating power using the same are provided.

The present disclosure is directed to steam reformers for the production of a hydrogen rich reformate, comprising a shell having a first end, a second end, and a passage extending generally between the first end and the second end of the shell, and at least one heat source disposed about the second end of the shell. The shell comprises at least one conduit member comprising at least one thermally emissive and high radiant emissivity material, at least partially disposed within the shell cavity. The shell further comprises at least one reactor module at least a portion of which is disposed within the shell cavity and about the at least one conduit member and comprises at least one reforming catalyst. The disclosure is also directed to methods of producing a hydrogen reformate utilizing the steam reformers, comprising the steps of combusting a combustible mixture in a burner to produce a combustion exhaust that interacts with the steam reactor module(s) through surface to surface radiation and convection heat transfer, and reforming a hydrocarbon fuel mixed with steam in the steam reformers to produce a hydrogen-containing reformate. The present disclosure is further directed to reactor modules for use with the above steam reformers and methods of producing a hydrogen reformate.

A process for producing ammonia synthesis gas from a hydrocarbon-containing feedstock in a front-end, comprising the steps of steam reforming of said feedstock, obtaining a synthesis gas comprising hydrogen, carbon monoxide and carbon dioxide; a treatment of said synthesis gas including shift of carbon monoxide and subsequent removal of carbon dioxide, wherein the shift of the synthesis gas includes high-temperature shift with an iron-based catalyst and at a temperature greater than 300? C. and the global steam-to-carbon ratio of the front end is 2.6 or less; a corresponding plant and a method for revamping a front-end of an ammonia plant are also disclosed.

A power generation system that includes a membrane reformer assembly, wherein syngas is formed from a steam reforming reaction of natural gas and steam, and wherein hydrogen is separated from the syngas via a hydrogen-permeable membrane, a combustor for an oxy-combustion of a fuel, an expander to generate power, and an ion transport membrane assembly, wherein oxygen is separated from an oxygen-containing stream to be combusted in the combustor. Various embodiments of the power generation system and a process for generating power using the same are provided.

A reformer unit and high temperature, pressure, or both variable orifice flow controller is provided. The reformer unit may have a reforming section, a heat exchanging section, and a bypass section. The bypass section provides a flow path for the hydrocarbon-containing fuel around the reforming section and has a variable orifice flow controller positioned in the bypassing flow path.

This invention discloses a calcination process to produce high purity CO.sub.2 from solids containing CaCO.sub.3 which operates cyclically and continuously on the solids, arranged in a packed or a moving bed, and wherein each cycle comprises a first step where the combustion at atmospheric pressure of a fuel in the bed of solids containing CaCO.sub.3 heats them up to 800-900? C. and a second step wherein a vacuum pressure between 0.05 and 0.5 atm is applied to extract pure CO.sub.2 from the solids containing CaCO.sub.3 while cooling them by 30-200? C. Said combustion can be carried out directly with air, oxygen enriched air or O.sub.2/CO.sub.2 mixtures when the process is applied to the calcination of a continuous flow of limestone in a moving bed shaft kiln. The process is also applied to calcine CaCO.sub.3 formed in reversible calcium looping processes comprising a carbonation reaction step to form CaCO.sub.3 from CaO.

Process for producing a chemical product, comprising subjecting hydrocarbon feed and further reforming reactant to an endothermal reaction whereby a primary reformate is formed, in a primary fired heat-recuperating reformer reaction unit, comprising a catalyst zone and a primary reformate passage way arranged to transfer heat from said reformate to said catalyst zone; optionally subjecting the primary reformate to a secondary reforming reaction, thereby forming a secondary reformate; and using primary reformate or second reformate as a heat exchange medium to supply reaction heat to an endothermal reaction, which endothermal reaction is carried out in a parallel heat-exchanger reactor.