A hydrogen purifier includes an electrolyte membrane including a proton conductive polymer, an anode having an anode catalyst layer disposed on one side of the electrolyte membrane, a cathode having a cathode catalyst layer disposed on the other side of the electrolyte membrane, a separator which has a fluid channel and through which carbon monoxide, hydrogen and oxygen are supplied to the anode, and a power supply that energizes the anode and the cathode, the anode catalyst layer including Pt, the cathode catalyst layer including Pt and Ru.

A system and method for temperature control in an oxygen transport membrane based reactor is provided. The system and method involves introducing a specific quantity of cooling air or trim air in between stages in a multistage oxygen transport membrane based reactor or furnace to maintain generally consistent surface temperatures of the oxygen transport membrane elements and associated reactors. The associated reactors may include reforming reactors, boilers or process gas heaters.

In various implementations, methanol is produced using a (CO+H.sub.2) containing synthesis gas produced from a combined PDX plus EHTR or a combined ATR plus EHTR at a pressure of 70 bar to 100 bar at the correct stoichiometric composition for methanol synthesis so that no feed gas compressor is required for the feed to the methanol synthesis reactor loop.

The present invention relates to an apparatus and method for mass producing hydrogen by reforming plastic waste by means of an electromagnetic plasma torch and, more specifically, to an apparatus and method for mass producing hydrogen by injecting steam or carbon dioxide to an electromagnetic plasma torch system to reform, with high efficiency, a plastic waste compound in a high-temperature reforming chamber by means of active particles which may be generated in a torch flame such as oxygen atoms, hydrogen oxide molecules, hydrogen atoms, carbon monoxide molecules and the like. Synthesis gases generated by reforming in the reforming chamber are mainly carbon monoxide and hydrogen. Carbon monoxide is converted to hydrogen by a water gas reaction, and hydrogen is refined by pressure swing adsorption (PSA). Therefore, vinyl waste and plastic waste which are most fatal to the Earth's environment are eliminated while hydrogen, which is one of the most environment-friendly energy sources, is produced.

A down-fired flame burner includes a flame holder positioned below the burner. The flame holder includes a plurality of perforations that collectively confine a combustion reaction of the burner to the flame holder.

A fuel cell module includes a fuel cell stack and fuel cell peripheral equipment. The fuel cell module includes a first area where an exhaust gas combustor and a start-up combustor are provided, a second area where a reformer and an evaporator are provided, and a third area where a heat exchanger is provided. The fuel cell module further includes a condensed water recovery mechanism for recovering condensed water produced through condensation of water vapor contained in a combustion gas, by flowing the condensed water through the third area, the second area, and the first area in that order.

Process for producing a hydrogen-containing product gas suited for operating in regions where the ambient conditions are below freezing for extended periods of time during the winter and warm or hot during the summer months. Hot makeup water is provided to the process to avoid freezing. A portion of the hot makeup water stream is heated in a steam generator to make steam where the steam is used to heat incoming hydrocarbon feed for the process. Another portion of the hot makeup water stream may be heated by combustion product gases where the heated water stream is used to heat incoming combustion oxidant.

A process and system for the generation of synthesis gas that is provided, in particular, for preparing hydrocarbon-containing fuel, ammonia or urea. The process follows the steps of providing a first feed gas stream of methane and reacting the first feed gas stream with steam in a reforming step, obtaining a synthesis gas stream of CO and H.sub.2. It is further provided that at least one first substream is separated off from the feed gas stream before the reforming step, the first substream is then burnt with a second feed gas stream of at least 95% by volume oxygen to give an exhaust gas stream comprising CO.sub.2 and water, and at least one part of the exhaust gas stream is recirculated to the feed gas stream after the first substream is separated off.

A process for generating a syngas from a CO.sub.2-rich and hydrocarbon-containing feed gas, wherein a CO.sub.2-rich and hydrocarbon-containing feed gas is provided and is reacted in a syngas generation step by means of partial oxidation or steam reforming to give an H.sub.2- and CO-comprising syngas. At least CO.sub.2 is removed from the feed gas in a scrubbing of the feed gas by means of a scrubbing medium, before the feed gas is fed to the syngas generation step.

A process for carrying out an endothermic reaction of a feed gas in a reactor system including a pressure shell housing a structured catalyst arranged for catalyzing the endothermic reaction of a feed gas, the structured catalyst including a macroscopic structure of electrically conductive material, the macroscopic structure supporting a ceramic coating, the ceramic coating supporting a catalytically active material.