A method of generating fuel for use in a combustor of a gas turbine includes generating an exhaust gas by a first combustor, generating reformate comprising hydrogen, and generating a fuel that is a gas mixture of the reformate and exhaust gas from the first combustor, and using the fuel in a combustor in a gas turbine. The reformate may be generated in dependence on at least some of the heat generated by the first combustor. The method may also include supplying air that has not been oxygen depleted and combusting the supplied air and fuel in the combustor of the gas turbine.

A method for heating a furnace with an ammonia-fired burner producing a stable flame including heating a first stream of ammonia through heat exchange with a stream of flue gas, thereby producing a heated first stream of ammonia. Feeding the heated first stream of ammonia to an ammonia cracker to produce a stream of cracked ammonia. Heating a stream of air through heat exchange with the stream of flue gas at a second heat exchanger to produce a heated stream of air. Feeding the heated stream of air to a burner. Feeding a second stream of ammonia to the burner. And feeding the stream of cracked ammonia to the burner for injection into the combustion space to produce a pilot flame through combustion of the injected stream of cracked ammonia and amounts of the injected heated stream of air.

A synthesis gas plant for producing a synthesis gas, where the synthesis gas plant includes a reforming section arranged to receive said feed gas and provide a combined synthesis gas, wherein said reforming section includes an electrically heated reforming reactor, a fired reforming reactor and an optional third reforming reactor. The reforming section is arranged to output a combined synthesis gas. An optional post processing unit downstream the reforming section is arranged to receive said combined synthesis gas stream and provide a post processed synthesis gas stream. A gas separation unit arranged to separate the combined synthesis gas stream or the post processed synthesis gas stream into a condensate, a product synthesis gas and an off-gas. At least a part of the off-gas is recycled from said gas separation unit to said one or more burners. Also, a process for producing synthesis gas from a feed gas comprising hydrocarbons.

A method is provided for rapidly switching a metal-catalysed steam methane reforming reaction of a feed gas from a first steady-state reaction condition (A) to a second steady-state reaction condition (B) or vice-versa. After applying a given voltage and/or feed gas flow, the system can work towards a thermal equilibration to reach steady state without any additional operator input.

An article for joule heating is described, including a three-dimensional substrate on and/or in which a pyrolyzate of a phenolic resin or polymer forms an electrically conductive carbon network. Such articles may be incorporated in structured materials applications, which may include support, sorbent, and or catalyst components. Also described are methods of fabricating such articles and structured materials, and apparatus comprising same, and methods of use of such articles and structured materials and apparatus for conducting material transformation processes requiring input of heat for their performance, such as CO.sub.2 adsorption, methane pyrolysis for hydrogen and carbon production, hydrogen-assisted conversion of CO.sub.2 to hydrocarbons, including catalytic conversion of CO.sub.2 to olefins, catalytic conversion of CO.sub.2 to propane (liquefied petroleum gas), and catalytic conversion of CO.sub.2 to renewable natural gas, reverse water gas shift reaction, steam ethane cracking, propane cracking, steam methane reforming, and dry methane reforming.

Apparatus for the endothermic reaction of a gas feed, the apparatus comprising: a pre-heater arranged for pre-heating the gas feed, at least one reactor tube, a furnace arranged for the radiation and/or convection heating of said at least one reactor tube, said at least one reactor tube being at least partially filled with a catalyst material configured for promoting the endothermic reaction, said at least one reactor tube comprising a tube inlet for said pre-heated gas feed, a main reaction tube portion extending within said furnace and a pre-reaction tube portion extending outside of the furnace, said pre-reaction tube portion being arranged between the tube inlet and the main reaction tube portion, wherein part of the catalyst material is extending within the pre-reaction tube portion.

Syngas is produced by a steam reforming unit with at least one of a bayonet reactor for reforming steam and a hydrocarbon, a recuperative burner, and a regenerative burner such that the steam reforming unit produces little or no steam in excess of the steam reforming process requirements. The syngas is then converted to methanol in a methanol synthesis unit. Compressors for the synthesis unit are driven by higher efficiency drivers than are possible using the low temperature steam conventionally exported from a steam reforming unit.

Method for the preparation of synthesis gas combining electrolysis of water, tubular steam reforming and autothermal reforming of a hydrocarbon feed stock in parallel.

The present disclosure provides systems and methods for hydrogen production as well as apparatuses useful in such systems and methods, including steam generation systems and methods. Hydrogen is produced by reforming of a hydrocarbon in a plurality of reformers to achieve improved reforming efficiency. A CO.sub.2 convective reformer (CCR) and an oxygen secondary reformer (OSR) are used in series to convert hydrocarbon and steam to synthesis gas with substantially complete carbon capture. Steam generation is provided along separate pathways to provide separate steam streams of different composition.

Syngas production and separation plant comprising: -At least one reformer for converting a hydrocarbon feedstock into a gas stream comprising hydrogen, carbon monoxide and at least one hydrocarbon as impurity, said reformer comprising a fired tubular reformer, a radiant section, a convection section and a heat recovery section, -a carbon monoxide cold box downstream of the reformer configured to produce a carbon monoxide-enriched gas stream and a waste gas stream comprising hydrogen and at least one hydrocarbon, -a passageway for feeding the radiant section of the reformer with a first part of the waste gas stream from cold box, -a compressor for compressing a second part of the waste gas stream from cold box, -a hydrogen-permeating membrane separation system configured to be fed by the compressed second part of the waste gas stream and to produce a hydrogen-enriched permeate and a hydrocarbon-enriched retentate.