The disclosure provides a water-solvated glass/amorphous solid that is an ionic conductor-an electronic insulator, and a dielectric as well as electrochemical devices and processes that use this material, such as batteries, including rechargeable batteries, fuel cells, capacitors, electrolysis cells, and electronic devices. The electrochemical devices and products use a combination of ionic and electronic conduction as well as internal electric dipoles.

The present application provides a lithium nickel manganese-containing composite oxide, a preparation method thereof, and a positive electrode plate, a secondary battery and an electrical device. The lithium nickel manganese-containing composite oxide is a particle with a monocrystal morphology or a quasi-monocrystal morphology, the lithium nickel manganese-containing composite oxide has a spherical or spherical-like grain shape, and the lithium nickel manganese-containing composite oxide has a general formula of Li.sub.1+xNi.sub.0.5+yM.sub.zMn.sub.1.5xyzaA.sub.aO.sub.4k, 0.2x0.5, 0.2y0.2, 0z0.2, 0<a0.2, 0k0.2, A includes one or more selected from Si, P and S, M includes one or more selected from a metal-doping element. The lithium nickel manganese-containing composite oxide provided in the present application may improve the capacity exertion, energy density and cycling life of the secondary battery.

An iron manganese phosphate precursor, a lithium iron manganese phosphate positive electrode material and a method for preparation thereof, an electrode material, an electrode, and a lithium-ion battery are disclosed. The lithium iron manganese phosphate precursor is represented by (NH.sub.4)Mn.sub.1-x-yFe.sub.xM.sub.yPO.sub.4H.sub.2O/C, wherein 0.1<x0.6 and 0y0.04, and M is selected from at least one of Mg, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, and Ti. Lithium iron manganese phosphate positive electrode material prepared from the precursor is uniform in carbon coating, has a dense secondary spherical morphology, is high in compaction density, can improve the electrochemical performance of the lithium-ion battery when applied to the lithium-ion battery, is high in specific capacity and good in cycle performance.

The present application relates to field of cathode material, and a cathode material and a method for preparing the same, a lithium ion battery provided, where the cathode material includes an active material having a chemical formula Li.sub.a(Ni.sub.xCo.sub.yR.sub.z).sub.1-bM.sub.bO.sub.2, where 0.9a1.10, x+y+z=1, 0.8x0.99, 0y0.15, 0z0.1, 0b0.1; R includes Al and/or Mn, M includes a metal element; and a coating layer on surface of the active material, where the coating layer includes a phosphate compound; the cathode material has a particle hardness of Cs50 Mpa and satisfies the following: Cs.sub.10/Cs.sub.500.7; where Cs.sub.10 is hardness of particles with a particle size D10, and Cs.sub.50 is hardness of particles with a particle size D50. The cathode material and method for preparing the same, lithium ion battery provided, which improve coating uniformity, precisely control coating amount, improve rate and cycling performance of lithium ion battery, and reduce production costs.

A process of preparing a lithium metal phosphate includes contacting a water-soluble metal precursor, a water-insoluble metal precursor, and a phosphate precursor in an acidic aqueous medium; to form a reaction mixture; precipitating from the reaction mixture a metal phosphate; collecting the metal phosphate; combining the metal phosphate with a lithium precursor; and calcining the combined metal phosphate and lithium precursor at elevated temperature to form a lithium metal phosphate; wherein a mol ratio of water-soluble metal precursor to water-insoluble metal precursor is from 0.5:99.5 to 99.5:0.5.

Occlusion and release of lithium ion are likely to one-dimensionally occur in the b-axis direction of a crystal in a lithium-containing composite oxide having an olivine structure. Thus, a positive electrode in which the b-axes of lithium-containing composite oxide single crystals are oriented vertically to a surface of a positive electrode current collector is provided. The lithium-containing composite oxide particles are mixed with graphene oxide and then pressure is applied thereto, whereby the rectangular parallelepiped or substantially rectangular parallelepiped particles are likely to slip. In addition, in the case where the rectangular parallelepiped or substantially rectangular parallelepiped particles whose length in the b-axis direction is shorter than those in the a-axis direction and the c-axis direction are used, when pressure is applied in one direction, the b-axes can be oriented in the one direction.

Occlusion and release of lithium ion are likely to one-dimensionally occur in the b-axis direction of a crystal in a lithium-containing composite oxide having an olivine structure. Thus, a positive electrode in which the b-axes of lithium-containing composite oxide single crystals are oriented vertically to a surface of a positive electrode current collector is provided. The lithium-containing composite oxide particles are mixed with graphene oxide and then pressure is applied thereto, whereby the rectangular parallelepiped or substantially rectangular parallelepiped particles are likely to slip. In addition, in the case where the rectangular parallelepiped or substantially rectangular parallelepiped particles whose length in the b-axis direction is shorter than those in the a-axis direction and the c-axis direction are used, when pressure is applied in one direction, the b-axes can be oriented in the one direction.

An arrangement for production of fully soluble, pure and well-defined mono- or di-potassium phosphates, comprises an extraction section, a stripping section and end treatment arrangements. The extraction section performs a liquid-liquid extraction of phosphate between a feed liquid comprising phosphoric acid. The stripping section performs a liquid-liquid extraction of phosphate between solvent loaded with phosphate and a strip solution. The solvent depleted in phosphate is recirculated to the extraction section for further extraction of phosphate. The strip solution is an aqueous potassium phosphate solution. The end treatment arrangements comprise a source of potassium base, an adding arrangement, a cooling arrangement, a precipitate remover and a recirculation system.