A rubber composition that is capable of providing vulcanized rubber excellent in the abrasion resistance without the deterioration of the crack resistance and the low heat generation property is provided. The rubber composition contains: (A) a rubber component; (B) carbon black having a CTAB specific surface area of 110 to 160 m.sup.2/g, a half value width ΔD.sub.50 of a peak including a Stokes equivalent diameter D.sub.st obtained by a centrifugal sedimentation method of 60 nm or less, and ΔD.sub.50/D.sub.st of 0.95 or less; and (C) silica having a CTAB specific surface area of 200 m.sup.2/g or more, has a total amount of a content (b) of the carbon black (B) and a content (c) of the silica (C) of 30 to 80 parts by mass per 100 parts by mass of the rubber component (A), and has (b)/(c) of (60 to 85)/(40 to 15).

Mesoporous silica is disclosed possessing a two-dimensional, hexagonal, through-hole structure with a space group p6mm, that is formed using one or more water-soluble oxidized disulfide oil (ODSO) compounds during the synthesis to impart distinct characteristics including an increased percentage of silanol groups.

Mesoporous silica is disclosed possessing a two-dimensional, hexagonal, through-hole structure with a space group p6mm, that is formed using one or more water-soluble oxidized disulfide oil (ODSO) compounds during the synthesis to impart distinct characteristics including an increased percentage of silanol groups.

Provided is a boron-containing amorphous silica powder more excellent in terms of low temperature sinterability than conventional silica powders. The present invention relates to amorphous silica powder containing boron atoms, the boron-containing amorphous silica powder having an average particle size of 10 to 100 nm, as determined from 40 particles selected at random in a transmission electron micrograph, the boron-containing amorphous silica powder having a decrement in a boron content of 10 mass % or less, when fired under the following conditions:

<Firing conditions>

5 to 10 g of a dried product of the boron-containing amorphous silica powder is filled into an alumina crucible, heated in the atmosphere at 200° C./hour to 1000° C. to 1100° C., maintained as it is for 5 hours, and cooled to room temperature.

Provided is a boron-containing amorphous silica powder more excellent in terms of low temperature sinterability than conventional silica powders. The present invention relates to amorphous silica powder containing boron atoms, the boron-containing amorphous silica powder having an average particle size of 10 to 100 nm, as determined from 40 particles selected at random in a transmission electron micrograph, the boron-containing amorphous silica powder having a decrement in a boron content of 10 mass % or less, when fired under the following conditions:

<Firing conditions>

5 to 10 g of a dried product of the boron-containing amorphous silica powder is filled into an alumina crucible, heated in the atmosphere at 200° C./hour to 1000° C. to 1100° C., maintained as it is for 5 hours, and cooled to room temperature.

Disclosed herein is a method comprising a) forming a mixture comprising: i) an aromatic nitrogen-containing compound, ii) a saccharide; and iii) a silica precursor; b) adding an amount of water to the mixture to initiate a condensation reaction; and c) precipitating a plurality of amorphous silica-based nanoparticles. Also disclosed herein is a plurality of amorphous silica-based nanoparticles, scaffolds, and devices comprising the same, in addition to methods of using the same.

Disclosed herein is a method comprising a) forming a mixture comprising: i) an aromatic nitrogen-containing compound, ii) a saccharide; and iii) a silica precursor; b) adding an amount of water to the mixture to initiate a condensation reaction; and c) precipitating a plurality of amorphous silica-based nanoparticles. Also disclosed herein is a plurality of amorphous silica-based nanoparticles, scaffolds, and devices comprising the same, in addition to methods of using the same.

The present invention related to a hollow silica particle including: a shell layer containing silica; and a space formed inside the shell layer, in which the hollow silica particle has a particle density as measured by a dry pycnometer density measurement using helium gas of 2.00 g/cm.sup.3 or more and a particle density as measured by a dry pycnometer density measurement using oxygen gas of lower than 2.00 g/cm.sup.3.

The invention discloses a preparation method of high-absorptivity silica as lutein carrier. The method includes adding sodium silicate into a synthesis kettle, introducing steam for heating while stirring, adding water, stirring for reaction to obtain a reaction substrate A, and adding sulfuric acid to the reaction substrate A to obtain reaction solution B; simultaneously adding sulfuric acid and sodium silicate into the reaction solution B, performing synthesis reaction for a given period of time, stopping feeding of sodium silicate, adding sulfuric acid only for post-acidification, and aging to obtain dilute slurry D; and filtering the dilute slurry D, washing, slurrying, drying and packaging to obtain silica microspheres as lutein carrier. The invention accurately controls each process so that the prepared high-absorptivity silica as lutein carrier has high adsorption and good dispersibility and flowability after adsorbing lutein.

The invention discloses a preparation method of high-absorptivity silica as lutein carrier. The method includes adding sodium silicate into a synthesis kettle, introducing steam for heating while stirring, adding water, stirring for reaction to obtain a reaction substrate A, and adding sulfuric acid to the reaction substrate A to obtain reaction solution B; simultaneously adding sulfuric acid and sodium silicate into the reaction solution B, performing synthesis reaction for a given period of time, stopping feeding of sodium silicate, adding sulfuric acid only for post-acidification, and aging to obtain dilute slurry D; and filtering the dilute slurry D, washing, slurrying, drying and packaging to obtain silica microspheres as lutein carrier. The invention accurately controls each process so that the prepared high-absorptivity silica as lutein carrier has high adsorption and good dispersibility and flowability after adsorbing lutein.