The present invention describes a processes, systems, and catalysts for the conversion of carbon dioxide and water and electricity into low carbon or zero carbon high quality fuels and chemicals. In one aspect, the present invention provides an integrated process for the conversion of a feed stream comprising carbon dioxide to a product stream comprising hydrocarbons between 5 and 24 carbon atoms in length.

A method to regenerate and reactivate catalysts used for a carbon and syngas production reaction including a DRM or CARGEN reaction is developed. Carbon dioxide (CO.sub.2) is used as the regeneration and activation media. This method of a single step regeneration and activation using CO.sub.2 is more effective than the existing conventional two-step process that includes separate reduction and oxidation steps. This method produces pure carbon monoxide (CO) as a byproduct from the regeneration process by utilizing CO.sub.2 and carbon.

A catalyst composition including nickel foam and a plurality of carbon-doped nickel oxide nanorods disposed on the nickel foam.

A structured catalyst for steam reforming of the present disclosure is used for producing reformed gas containing hydrogen from a reforming raw material containing hydrocarbon, and includes a support having a porous structure constituted of a zeolite-type compound, and at least one catalytic substance present inside the support. The support includes channels connecting with each other, and the catalytic substance is metal nanoparticles and present at least in the channels of the support.

The invention relates to a a method for producing a synthesis gas for use in the production of a hydrocarbon product, particularly a synthetic fuel, said method comprising the steps of: providing a hydrocarbon feed stream comprising biogas; optionally, purifying the hydrocarbon feed stream in a gas purification unit; optionally, prereforming the hydrocarbon feed stream together with a steam feedstock in a prereforming unit; carrying out steam methane reforming in a reforming reactor heated by means of an electrical power source; providing the synthesis gas to a synthetic fuel synthesis unit, preferably a Fischer-Tropsch synthesis unit, for converting said synthesis gas into hydrocarbon product and producing a tail gas. The invention also relates to a system for producing a synthesis gas for use in the production of a hydrocarbon product, particularly a synthetic fuel.

A novel steam reforming catalyst comprising hibonite and potassium beta-alumina with improved resilience, improved activity, reduced potassium leaching and reduced coking problems. It also regards a method for producing the novel catalyst and uses of the novel catalyst in reforming reactors, in a plant for producing hydrogen gas, or in a plant for producing synthesis gas.

In one aspect, the disclosure relates to multi-functional catalysts for use in carbon dioxide-assisted dehydroaromatization (CO.sub.2-DHA) processes utilizing a microwave reactor. The disclosed multifunctional catalysts inhibit coke production, thereby solving a long-standing problem of rapid deactivation and regeneration issues. Moreover, the disclosed multifunctional catalysts, when used in the disclosed processes, provide for a reduced reaction temperature and improved BTX aromatic selectivity versus conventional process. The disclosed multifunctional catalysts for the aromatization of natural gas provide a more cost effective and energy efficient processes than existing conventional methods. Accordingly, the disclosed technology can significantly improve process economics for natural gas conversion and BTX aromatics production and yield a higher percent of product while limiting side reactions. This abstract is intended as a scanning tool for purposes of searching in the particular art and is not intended to be limiting of the present disclosure.

A method for thermal cracking of a hydrocarbon to produce hydrogen gas and carbon comprises heating a molten medium to an operating temperature sufficient to thermally crack the hydrocarbon. The operating temperature may, for example be in the range of 600° C. to 1100° C. The method mixes the hydrocarbon into the heated molten medium and pumping the mixed molten medium and hydrocarbon through a reactor. In the reactor, the hydrocarbon undergoes a thermal cracking reaction which forms hydrogen gas and carbon black. The method separates the carbon and hydrogen gas from the molten medium that has passed through the reactor. In some embodiments, the flow of the molten medium in the reactor is a turbulent flow.

The invention relates to a method of regenerating the catalytic activity of a spent catalyst comprising nickel on a refractory oxide support, said method comprising the steps of contacting the spent catalyst with a nitric acid solution, heat-treating the spent catalyst, calcining and reducing the catalyst.

Embodiments of the present disclosure are directed to a diesel reforming system comprising: a diesel autothermal reformer; a liquid desulfurizer disposed upstream of the diesel autothermal reformer and configured to remove sulfur compounds from diesel fuel prior to feeding to the diesel autothermal reformer; a combustor in communication with the liquid desulfurizer and configured to provide heat for the liquid desulfurizer; a regulating valve in communication with the liquid desulfurizer and the combustor, the regulating valve being configured to control diesel fuel feeds to the liquid desulfurizer and the combustor; and a post-reformer disposed downstream of the diesel autothermal reformer.