A chemical plant comprising a refrigeration system including an absorption refrigeration unit, and a steam system including one or more steam producers, steam users, and at least one steam condenser, wherein a heat exchanger is arranged to intercept at least part of a steam flow directed to said steam condenser, and said heat exchanger transfers heat to a working fluid of said absorption refrigeration unit to provide at least part of a heat input required for operation of said refrigeration system.

An ammonia plant having a first and second reactor and a start-up oven having at least one first heat exchanger. The first reactor operates under a higher internal pressure than the second reactor. The start-up oven is connected via a piping system for at least one synthesis gas to the first and second reactor. Ammonia is produced by heating synthesis gas in the start-up oven and transferring the heated synthesis gas to the first reactor for initiating the chemical reaction. Synthesis gas is heated with the same start-up oven and is transferred to the second reactor for initiating the chemical reaction, wherein high-pressure synthesis of ammonia occurs in the first reactor and low-pressure synthesis of ammonia occurs in the second reactor at a lower process pressure than in the first reactor.

An apparatus for producing ammonia or hydrogen may include a) a gas stream feed conduit having a connecting conduit to a steam reformer with a waste heat section; b) a heat exchanger downstream of the gas stream feed conduit; c) a gas stream preheater downstream of the heat exchanger; d) a recirculation conduit which is located downstream of the gas stream preheater and leads to the gas stream feed conduit or, upstream of the heat exchanger, to the connecting conduit; and e) the steam reformer with the waste heat section, where the waste heat section may be in thermal contact with the gas stream preheater and the flow of the gas stream which has been heated in the gas stream preheater through the recirculation conduit can be regulated. A process for producing ammonia or hydrogen may employ such an apparatus.

The disclosure relates generally to methods and systems for manufacturing ammonia, ammonium sulfate, nitric acid, ammonium nitrate, or combinations thereof, and particularly to clean and efficient methods and system configurations for manufacturing ammonia, ammonium sulfate, nitric acid, ammonium nitrate, or combinations thereof using coal, petcoke, asphaltenes and/or hydrocarbon waste products.

An apparatus to provide cooling water to multiple facilities including a hydrogen plant that includes electrolyzers for manufacture of hydrogen and/or an ammonia plant including ammonia manufacturing for making ammonia. The apparatus can include a first cooling tower configured to provide cooling water at a first temperature for providing cooling to elements of the ammonia manufacturing and/or hydrogen plant. The apparatus can also include a second cooling tower configured to providing cooling water at a second temperature that is higher than the first temperature for providing cooling for gas coolers and electrolyte coolers of the hydrogen plant. The first and second cooling towers can be configured to utilize sea water or fresh water. The cooling towers can also be arranged and configured to permit substantial capital cost reductions while also providing improved maintenance and safety features as well as improved operational flexibility.

A catalytic synthesis method, a device and a system for ammonia synthesis through orderly regulation of the electronic domain of nitrogen are provided. Nitrogen and hydrogen are used as raw materials, and a multi-composition material with magnetic material as active site is used as a catalyst, thermal field, magnetic field and electric field or thermal field and electromagnetic field are applied to nitrogen, hydrogen and catalyst at the same time. The invention adopts the catalytic synthesis method, device and system for the mild ammonia synthesis at low temperature and low pressure conditions through orderly regulation of the electronic domain of nitrogen.

A process for producing ammonia and a derivative of ammonia from a natural gas feed comprising conversion of natural gas into a make-up synthesis gas; synthesis of ammonia; use of said ammonia to produce said derivative of ammonia, wherein a portion of the natural gas feed is used to fuel a gas turbine; power produced by said gas turbine is transferred to at least one power user of the process, such as a compressor; heat is recovered from exhaust gas of said gas turbine, and at least part of said heat is recovered as low-grade heat available at a temperature not greater than 200? C., to provide process heating to at least one thermal user of the process, such as CO.sub.2 removal unit or absorption chiller; a corresponding plant and method of modernization are also disclosed.

A method of producing ammonia includes heating, with a start-up oven, a first synthesis gas for a first ammonia synthesis in a first reactor; transferring the heated first synthesis gas to the first reactor for initiating a chemical reaction; heating, with the start-up oven, a second synthesis gas for a second ammonia synthesis in a second reactor; and transferring the heated second synthesis gas to the second reactor for initiating a chemical reaction, wherein a high-pressure synthesis of ammonia is carried out in the first reactor and a low-pressure synthesis of ammonia is carried out in the second reactor at a process pressure which is lower than the process pressure in the first reactor.

A process for producing ammonia and a derivative of ammonia from a natural gas feed comprising conversion of natural gas into a make-up synthesis gas; synthesis of ammonia; use of said ammonia to produce said derivative of ammonia, wherein a portion of the natural gas feed is used to fuel a gas turbine; power produced by said gas turbine is transferred to at least one power user of the process, such as a compressor; heat is recovered from exhaust gas of said gas turbine, and at least part of said heat is recovered as low-grade heat available at a temperature not greater than 200? C., to provide process heating to at least one thermal user of the process, such as CO2 removal unit or absorption chiller; a corresponding plant and method of modernization are also disclosed.

A catalytic synthesis method, a device and a system for ammonia synthesis through orderly regulation of the electronic domain of nitrogen are provided. Nitrogen and hydrogen are used as raw materials, and a multi-composition material with magnetic material as active site is used as a catalyst, thermal field, magnetic field and electric field or thermal field and electromagnetic field are applied to nitrogen, hydrogen and catalyst at the same time. The invention adopts the catalytic synthesis method, device and system for the mild ammonia synthesis at low temperature and low pressure conditions through orderly regulation of the electronic domain of nitrogen.