A water treatment system is disclosed having an electrolytic cell for liberating hydrogen from a base solution. The base solution may be a solution of brine for generating sodium hypochlorite or potable water to be oxidized. The cell has first and second opposing electrode end plates held apart from each other by a pair of supports such that the supports enclose opposing sides of the end plates to form a cell chamber. One or more inner electrode plates are spaced apart from each other in the cell chamber in between the first and second electrode plates. The supports are configured to electrically isolate the first and second electrode plates and the inner electrode plates from each other. The first and second electrode plates are configured to receive opposite polarity charges that passively charge the inner electrode plates via conduction from the base solution to form a chemical reaction in the base solution as the base solution passes through the cell chamber.

Provided are electrodialysis systems for removing silica from a desalinated water stream and methods for removing silica from a desalinated water stream. For example, described are bipolar membrane electrodialysis devices for removing silica from water comprising one or more anion exchange membranes; one or more bipolar membranes; and a pair of electrodes comprising a positive electrode and a negative electrode. Also described are electrodialysis systems comprising: one or more electrodialysis devices for the removal of dissolved ions and one or more bipolar membrane electrodialysis devices, wherein a product inlet stream of the one or more bipolar membrane electrodialysis devices comprises the product outlet stream of the one or more electrodialysis devices.

A water treatment system is disclosed having electrolytic cell for liberating hydrogen from a base solution. The base solution may be a solution of brine for generating sodium hypochlorite, or potable water to be oxidized. The cell has first and second opposing electrode end plates held apart from each other by a pair of supports such that the supports enclose opposing sides of the end plates to form a cell chamber. One or more inner electrode plates are spaced apart from each other in the cell chamber in between the first and second electrode plates. The supports are configured to electrically isolate the first and second electrode plates and the inner electrode plates from each other. The first and second electrode plates are configured to receive opposite polarity charges that passively charge the inner electrode plates via conduction from the base solution to form a chemical reaction in the base solution as the base solution passes through the cell chamber.

A deionization filter device includes a first electrode, a second electrode, at least one bipolar ion exchange sheet configured to include a cation exchange film and an anion exchange film, and disposed between the first electrode and the second electrode, a voltage source configured to apply a deionization voltage or a reproduction voltage between the first electrode and the second electrode, a pH sensor configured to detect a pH value of a solution to be treated by a voltage applied by the voltage source, and a controller configured to control the voltage source, depending on a pH value of the solution.

A water treatment system is disclosed having electrolytic cell for liberating hydrogen from a base solution. The base solution may be a solution of brine for generating sodium hypochlorite, or potable water to be oxidized. The cell has first and second opposing electrode end plates held apart from each other by a pair of supports such that the supports enclose opposing sides of the end plates to form a cell chamber. One or more inner electrode plates are spaced apart from each other in the cell chamber in between the first and second electrode plates. The supports are configured to electrically isolate the first and second electrode plates and the inner electrode plates from each other. The first and second electrode plates are configured to receive opposite polarity charges that passively charge the inner electrode plates via conduction from the base solution to form a chemical reaction in the base solution as the base solution passes through the cell chamber.

An electrolytic zinc dosing device that regulates the amount of zinc delivered or dosed into a flowing stream of water as a function, in part, of the current applied to an electrolytic cell and the flow rate of the flowing water. A replaceable electrolytic cell having an anode and a cathode connected to a power supply, and at least one bipolar electrode in aqueous solution between the anode and cathode. Flow rate information and/or total current information are used to determine the dosing quantity of zinc delivered.

An electrolytic zinc dosing device that regulates the amount of zinc delivered or dosed into a flowing stream of water as a function, in part, of the current applied to an electrolytic cell and the flow rate of the flowing water. A replaceable electrolytic cell having an anode and a cathode connected to a power supply, and at least one bipolar electrode in aqueous solution between the anode and cathode. Flow rate information and/or total current information are used to determine the dosing quantity of zinc delivered.

In alternative aspects, the invention provides electrocoagulation processes and apparatus in which the anode oscillates in the electrochemical cell. In some embodiments, this facilitates control of the mixing conditions at the electrode surface independently from the flow through the cell. A constant DC current may be applied in the electrocoagulation, so that as the anode moves closer to a cathode, the cell voltage will oscillate. This may for example be carried out to provide a comparable degree of electrocoagulation with a net reduction in the energy consumption compared to a non-oscillating cell.

A system for electrochemically enhanced water filtration is provided. The system includes: a chamber plug-flow electrochemical cell; a first cathode and anode pair disposed in the cell; and a second cathode and anode pair disposed in the cell. The first and the second pair are collectively operative to apply a 2D electric field in at least one of a horizontal direction and a vertical direction with respect to the chamber plug-flow electrochemical cell.

A system for water disinfection by means of electroporation, comprising a reactor (1) composed of a plurality of electrodes that form an electrolytic cell, where they act as a plurality of anodes (2) and cathodes (3); a circuit that allows the water to be confined within the electrolytic cell and to flow through it between the water inlet point into the cell (4) and the water outlet point (5); a pump (6) used to propel the water through the reactor; at least one direct current source (7), which is connected to the reactor (1); and at least one device for process control (PLC) (8). The system produces the irreversible electroporation of bacterial membrane by applying specific electric potentials that alter the transmembrane potential and cause the oxidation of the exposed chemical groups in membrane proteins.