An ocean alkalinity enhancement (OAE) system that reduces atmospheric CO.sub.2 and mitigates ocean acidification by electrochemically processing feedstock solution (e.g., seawater or brine) to generate an alkalinity product that is then supplied to the ocean. The OAE system includes a base-generating device and a control circuit disposed within a modular system housing deployed near a salt feedstock. The base-generating device (e.g., a bipolar electrodialysis (BPED) system) generates a base substance that is then tested and processed (e.g., mixed/diluted with processed feedstock solution, seawater or another saltwater solution and/or reacted with CO.sub.2) to generate the ocean alkalinity product. The control circuit controls the base-generating device such that the alkalinity product is supplied to the ocean only when supplying the alkalinity product will not endanger sea life. Modified BPED systems include features that facilitate autonomous system operations including enhanced maintenance cycle operations and a reduced reliance on external fresh water sources.

An electrochemical oxidation reactor includes rotatable electrodes inside a reactor vessel. The electrodes treat liquid within the reactor and are mounted to support plates, which in turn are mounted on each of two independently-driven shafts. The plates are attached to each other in a spaced relationship so that a gap is formed therebetween. The gap is sized to receive liquid to be treated so that liquid located within the gap will react with the electrodes. The shafts are rotatable at equal or different relative rotational speeds and directions. Additionally, each shaft may be independently linearly displaced in an oscillatory movement at equal or different frequencies. The relative shaft rotation, direction and axial vibration translate similar movements to the electrodes and such movement generates turbulence to the liquid located within the gap. The turbulence increases the interaction between liquid and the electrodes.

A method for electrochemical disinfection of an aqueous solution, the method comprising the steps of: providing one or more disinfecting cells for retaining an aqueous solution, each disinfecting cell including one or more electrode pairs positioned therein; arranging the one or more disinfecting cells along a flow path, the flow path including an inlet to and an outlet from the one or more disinfecting cells; determining at the one or more disinfecting cells the electrical conductivity, or specific conductance of the aqueous solution; determining from the electrical conductivity, or specific conductance of the aqueous solution a voltage to apply across the one or more electrode pairs at a current sufficient to produce disinfection species therein; and passing the current from the one or more electrode pairs to the aqueous solution to produce a modified aqueous solution.

A water softening device includes an electrolysis device, a first circulation flow path and a second circulation flow path, a first sensor, a second sensor, and a controller, wherein the controller controls the electrolysis device to execute a first mode in which the alkaline water is allowed to flow through the first circulation flow path and the acidic water is allowed to flow through the second circulation flow path, and a second mode in which the acidic water is allowed to flow through the first circulation flow path (8A) and the alkaline water is allowed to flow through the second circulation flow path, and controls to stop electrolysis by the electrolysis device based on a detection value of the first sensor or the second sensor in the first mode and the second mode.

A method of sanitising a body of water including the steps of adding sodium chlorite and/or sodium chlorate to the body of water and converting the sodium chlorite and/or sodium chlorate to chlorine dioxide in an electrolysis cell which is in fluid communication with a water circulation system of the body of water, wherein chlorine is also added to the body of water.

The methods and systems disclosed here relate to treating water. In certain embodiments, a treatment system comprises an electrochemical water treatment device, a recirculating concentrate stream in fluid communication with the electrochemical water treatment device, a flow control device in fluid communication with a first flow path comprising acidic water and configured to be in fluid communication with the recirculating concentrate stream, and a second flow path comprising feed water and configured to be in fluid communication with the recirculating concentrate stream, and a control system in communication with the flow control device. The treatment system may further comprise a recirculating dilution stream in fluid communication with a second inlet and a second outlet of the electrochemical water treatment device.

For bio-electrically generating electric power from organic ingredients of a waste water flowing in a flow direction, an anode is immersed in the waste water in a first spatial area, and oxygen is supplied to a cathode which is electrically connected to the anode and arranged in a second spatial area delimited from the first spatial area by means of a proton-permeable membrane. A voltage between the anode and the cathode is increased by a DC/DC converter located at the anode and the cathode, and a further voltage between a further anode in said or a further first spatial area and a further cathode in said or a further second spatial area is increased by a further DC/DC converter located at the further anode and the further cathode. A DC voltage link is charged with the DC/DC converter and the further DC/DC converter connected in parallel to the DC voltage link.

Harmful biological contaminants are treated using plasma fields. The inventive techniques offer improved results over existing devices and methods.

The present invention relates to an electrolyzed water manufacturing device for producing hypochlorous acid water containing hypochlorous acid using hydrochloric acid as an electrolyte, comprising: a hydrochloric acid container for storing the hydrochloric acid as the electrolyte; an electrolytic bath which is connected to the hydrochloric acid container, includes an electrode, and produces slightly weak acidic hypochlorous acid water containing a high-density chlorine solution through electrolysis of the hydrochloric acid; a hydrochloric acid supply pump provided between the hydrochloric acid container and the electrolytic bath so as to supply the hydrochloric acid to the electrolytic bath; and a venturi pipe which is connected to an upper part of the electrolytic bath, is formed between an inlet and an outlet through which dilution water passes, includes a neck part having a smaller pipe diameter in comparison with the inlet and the outlet, and an extraction pipe for connecting the neck part and the electrolytic bath, such that the high-density chlorine solution generated from the electrolytic bath is aspirated through the reduction of the pressure generated from the neck part when the dilution water passes through, and the aspirated high-density chlorine solution is diluted using the dilution solution and the diluted high-density chlorine solution is discharged. The apparatus for producing slightly weak acidic hypochlorous acid water, according to the present invention further, comprises: a discharging pipe connected to the outlet of the venturi pipe; and a screw blade which is inserted into the discharging pipe and accelerates the contact reaction between the high-density chlorine solution discharged from the non-diaphragm type electrolytic bath and the dilution water, wherein the screw blade is preferably composed of flexible plastic material.

An aqueous ozone sanitizing device, for example, for sanitizing objects, including hands, hands and forearms, feet, other tissue, instruments, or other object sanitizing, including rinsing and clinical treatment. One embodiment of the sanitizing device includes a tank for holding a reservoir of untreated water, a pump fluidly coupled to the tank, a water treatment device fluidly coupled to the pump and for receiving and ozonating untreated water and for providing aqueous ozone, and a fluidic oscillator fluidly coupled to the water treatment device and for delivering the aqueous ozone to the object.