A method for selectively optimizing water chemistry within a wellbore may include positioning a system tubing in the wellbore. The system tubing may include an electrochemical cell, a first chamber, and a second chamber. The method may also include injecting a fluid into the electrochemical cell and directing an electrical current into the electrochemical cell wherein the fluid separates by charge into a first fluid and a second fluid. The method may also include passing the first fluid into the first chamber and the second fluid into the second chamber. Also, the method may include rotating the system tubing, wherein the first fluid flows from the first chamber to the wellbore through a first radial conduit and the second fluid flows from the second chamber to the wellbore through a second radial conduit.

A deionization device is for at least partially deionizing a feed liquid in which at least one electrolyte is dissolved. The device has at least one process channel with a feed inlet for receiving the feed liquid, and a feed outlet; one or more collector channel(s) for collecting the anions and cations separated from the feed liquid; an electrolyte outlet for discharging the collected anions and cations; and at least one channel electrode, at least one separating electrode, and at least one collector electrode. The channel and separating electrodes are placed at opposite sides of the process channel, and the separating and collector electrodes are placed at opposite sides of the collector channel(s). A field generator generates an electric and/or magnetic field between the channel and separating electrodes, and between the separating and collector electrodes, to generate an ion flow from the process to the collector channel(s), which is the same for anions and cations.

A chlorinator system includes a swimming pool chlorinator configured to perform chlorination operations of a salt water pool system. The swimming pool chlorinator includes an electrolysis cell configured to receive a flow of pool water and to electrolyze sodium chloride in the pool water to generate chlorine and control electronics configured to control operations of the swimming pool chlorinator. Additionally, the chlorinator system includes a power source coupler configured to receive alternating current power from an alternating current power source. Further, the chlorinator system includes a synchronous rectifier configured to convert the alternating current power to generate a direct current power source to provide power to the swimming pool chlorinator.

According to aspects of the present disclosure, systems and methods are provided for producing hydrogen and oxygen gases by water hydrolysis, which include: a vessel having a first chamber and a second chamber; a membrane permeable to water ions, the membrane separating the first chamber and the second chamber, wherein the membrane is effective to substantially exclude passage of salt ions, and wherein the membrane is optionally permeable to water; an anode in contact with an anolyte in the first chamber; a cathode in contact with a catholyte in the second chamber; and a power source of direct current operably linked to the cathode and the anode; wherein the anolyte comprises a negative ion inert to oxidation and further wherein the catholyte is a saline solution, brackish water, or seawater.

An apparatus for metal-ion removal includes a conduit including an inlet to receive a liquid and an outlet to discharge the liquid, a first porous electrode and a second porous electrode disposed in the conduit, and a power source configured to provide power to the first porous electrode and the second porous electrode. The first porous electrode and the second porous electrode are separated by a gap. The first porous electrode is extended in a first direction. A flow direction of the liquid in the conduit is not in parallel with the first direction.

A method for electrolysis-ozone-corrosion inhibitor/electrolysis-ozone-hydrogen peroxide-corrosion inhibitor coupling treatment on toxic and refractory wastewater includes the following steps: adding toxic and refractory wastewater to be treated into a wastewater treatment reaction tank equipped with a plate anode and a plate cathode, and starting a direct current (DC) power supply connected to the plate anode and the plate cathode to treat the toxic and refractory wastewater at an appropriate current density under stirring, during which a corrosion inhibitor and hydrogen peroxide are added to the toxic and refractory wastewater to be treated and ozone is introduced into the toxic and refractory wastewater to be treated through an aeration device. The method can increase the production rate and production quantity of free radicals in a reaction system, effectively improve the treatment efficiency for toxic and refractory wastewater, and reduce the treatment cost.

A system and method for performing electrochemically-cycled oxidation on landfill leachate are provided for the removal of organic materials in landfill leachate which have an ultraviolet absorbance at 254 nm (UVA.sub.254), thus pre-treating the landfill leachate for co-treatment through dilution with municipal sewage. Electrochemical oxidation is performed on the landfill leachate in a first reactor chamber to produce hypochlorite (OCl.sup.−), followed by delayed application of ultraviolet radiation to produce hydroxyl radicals (OH.sup.•) and reactive chlorine species to break bonds in the organic materials. A portion of this partially-treated landfill leachate is then fed to a second reactor chamber for subsequent dichlorination through ultraviolet photolysis. An equivalent volume of fresh landfill leachate is fed into the first reactor chamber to begin the cycle again, allowing for continuous treatment of a source of landfill leachate.

A method for remediation of environments contaminated with halogenated organic compounds, in particular per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances, the method comprising the steps of placing a plurality of electrodes in the contaminated environment, applying an electric direct current between said electrodes, providing at least one electrically conductive reductant for halogenated organic compounds, obtaining information indicative of the electrical resistance between said electrodes, analyzing said information to detect whether at least one of said electrodes introduced a lower electric current into the contaminated environment compared to the remaining ones of said electrodes and bringing said reductant into or in close proximity to the contaminated environment in response to said detection such that the electrical resistance to the contaminated environment of at least one of said electrodes identified to introduce a lower electric current into the contaminated environment is decreased.

An ion-exchange apparatus includes a raw-water tank 1, a treatment section, an ion exchanger and a hydrophilic layer. The raw-water section contains a liquid to be treated with impurity ions. The treatment tank 2 contains a treatment material with exchange ions exchangeable with the impurity ions. The ion exchanger 3 enables the passage of the impurity ions from the raw-water tank 1 to the treatment tank 2 and the passage of the exchange ions from the treatment tank 2 to the raw-water tank 1. The hydrophilic layer M, with a water contact angle of 30° or less, is disposed on at least a surface of the ion exchanger adjacent to the treatment tank 2.

An inexpensive ion-exchange apparatus with an increased ion-exchange capacity has a raw-water tank (1), a treatment tank (2) and an ion exchanger (3). The raw-water tank (1) contains a to be treated liquid. The liquid contains impurity ions. The treatment tank (2) contains a treatment material that contains exchange ions exchangeable with the impurity ions. The ion exchanger (3) enables passage of the impurity ions from the raw-water tank (1) to the treatment tank (2) and the passage of the exchange ions from the treatment tank (2) to the raw-water tank (1). The treatment material in the treatment tank (2) has a higher molarity than the to be treated liquid in the raw-water tank 1.