A method of operating an electrochemical cell including introducing an aqueous solution into the electrochemical cell, applying a current across an anode and a cathode to produce a product, monitoring the voltage, dissolved hydrogen, or a condition of the aqueous solution, and reversing polarity of the anode and the cathode responsive to one of the measured parameters is disclosed. An electrochemical system including an electrochemical cell including an anode and a cathode, a source of an aqueous solution having an outlet fluidly connectable to the electrochemical cell, a sensor for measuring a parameter, and a controller configured to cause the anode and the cathode to reverse polarity responsive to the parameter measurement is disclosed. Methods of suppressing accumulation of hydrogen gas within the electrochemical cell are also disclosed. Methods of facilitating operation of an electrochemical cell are also disclosed.

A water ionizer includes a stacked electrolyzer and a flow switching device, with an inlet being separate from an outlet. Water entering an input regulator is distributed at a predetermined ratio before being supplied to an electrolyzer module to minimize acidic water to be discarded. Water supplied from the input regulator is directed to pass through the electrolyzer module in a crossing manner to delay flows of water to improve the efficiency of electrolysis. Electrolyzer cells are stacked on and fitted to each other to simplify an assembly process and improve convenience. Electrode plates of the electrolyzer module are fixedly fitted into a frame to facilitate an assembly process and improve a fabrication process. The input regulator and a flow switching output unit are connected via a connecting shaft to synchronize the operations thereof to obtain reliability.

An electro-chemical activation (ECA) system includes an anode chamber, a cathode chamber, and a neutralization chamber. The anode chamber includes an anode configured to convert water having an alkaline-metal chloride into an anodic electrolyte that includes hypochlorous acid. The cathode chamber includes a cathode configured to convert water into a cathodic electrolyte. The neutralization chamber includes a neutralization cathode configured to remove protons from the anodic electrolyte after it leaves the anode chamber. The ECA system is configured to recirculate the anodic electrolyte back through the anode chamber and the neutralization chamber at least one more time to produce a concentrated chlorine solution. The ECA system is further configured to recirculate the cathodic electrolyte back through the cathode chamber at least one additional time to produce a concentrated alkaline solution.

A system and method of treating sour water, including providing sour water having hydrosulfide ions and a carbon-containing compound to an anodic chamber of an electrolyzer vessel, converting the hydrosulfide ions into sulfate ions in the anodic chamber via an oxido half-reaction of a first oxido-reduction reaction and generating carbon dioxide in the anodic chamber via an oxido half-reaction of a second oxido-reduction reaction associated with the carbon-containing compound. The technique includes reacting the carbon dioxide with hydroxide ions in the anodic chamber to generate bicarbonate ions. The technique includes discharging an anodic chamber solution having the sulfate ions and the bicarbonate ions from the electrolyzer vessel from the anodic chamber.

The invention relates to the field of chemical technology and relates in particular to devices for electrolyzing aqueous alkali metal chloride solutions to obtain chlorine, chlorine compounds, oxygen, ozone as well as hydroperoxide compounds and can be used for disinfection in the medical, pharmaceutical and food industries as well as in the purification and sterilization of water by aqueous solutions of hypochlorous and hydroperoxide oxidizing agents.

The present invention relates to systems and methods for cleaning materials, such as flooring and upholstery. In some cases, the systems and methods use an electrolytic cell to electrolyze a solution comprising sodium carbonate, sodium bicarbonate, sodium acetate, sodium percarbonate, potassium carbonate, potassium bicarbonate, and/or any other suitable chemical to generate electrolyzed alkaline water and/or electrolyzed oxidizing water. In some cases, the cell comprises a recirculation loop that recirculates anolyte through an anode compartment of the cell. In some cases, the cell further comprises a senor and a processor, where the processor is configured to automatically change an operation of the cell, based on a reading from the sensor. In some cases, a fluid flows past a magnet before entering the cell. In some additional cases, fluid from the cell is conditioned by being split into multiple conduits that run in proximity to each other. Additional implementations are described.

The present invention relates to systems and methods for cleaning materials, such as flooring and upholstery. In some cases, the systems and methods use an electrolytic cell to electrolyze a solution comprising sodium carbonate, sodium bicarbonate, sodium acetate, sodium percarbonate, potassium carbonate, potassium bicarbonate, and/or any other suitable chemical to generate electrolyzed alkaline water and/or electrolyzed oxidizing water. In some cases, the cell comprises a recirculation loop that recirculates anolyte through an anode compartment of the cell. In some cases, the cell further comprises a sensor and a processor, where the processor is configured to automatically change an operation of the cell, based on a reading from the sensor. In some cases, a fluid flows past a magnet before entering the cell. In some additional cases, fluid from the cell is conditioned by being split into multiple conduits that run in proximity to each other. Additional implementations are described.

Disclosed is an electrified membrane flow-cell reactor system and method for nitrogen wastewater treatment and upcycling towards ammonia nitrogen without external acid/base consumption. This electrified membrane flow-cell reactor includes a cathodic membrane module having a gas-permeable or gas-exchange membrane and a cathodic catalytic layer, an anode, and a semi-permeable membrane between the cathodic and anodic chamber. Three chambers in the flow-cell reactor include (i) a cathode chamber for nitrate reduction and upcycling towards NH.sub.3, (ii) a trap chamber for NH.sub.3 capture and storage, and (iii) an anode chamber for H.sup.+ production and protonation of gaseous NH.sub.3 to NH.sub.4.sup.+. The cathodic membrane and anode are connected to an electric power source to provide a stable cathodic potential and enable electrode reactions. This method will continuously treat nitrate-containing wastewater and achieve simultaneous electrochemical nitrate reduction from the wastewater and ammonia recovery as ammonium salts in the trap chamber.

A method of operating an electrochemical cell including introducing an aqueous solution into the electrochemical cell, applying a current across an anode and a cathode to produce a product, monitoring the voltage, dissolved hydrogen, or a condition of the aqueous solution, and applying the current in a pulsed waveform responsive to one of the measured parameters is disclosed. An electrochemical system including an electrochemical cell including an anode and a cathode, a source of an aqueous solution having an outlet fluidly connectable to the electrochemical cell, a sensor for measuring a parameter, and a controller configured to cause the anode and the cathode to apply the current in a pulsed waveform responsive to the parameter measurement is disclosed. Methods of suppressing accumulation of hydrogen gas within the electrochemical cell are also disclosed. Methods of facilitating operation of an electrochemical cell are also disclosed.

The described systems and methods relate to systems for providing a cleaning solution comprising electrolyzed water. While the cleaning systems can comprise any suitable component, in some cases, they include an electrolytic cell and at least one fluid conditioning system that includes a first conduit and a second conduit that are coupled together and are non-concentric with each other. While the fluid conditioning system can be disposed in any suitable location with respect to the cell, in some cases, the fluid condition system is disposed upstream of the cell to provide fluid that passes through the first and second conduits into the cell. In some cases, the fluid conditioning system is disposed downstream of the cell to receive an electrolyzed water produced by the cell. In some cases, the fluid conditioning system is configured to recirculate electrolyzed oxidizing water through an anode compartment of the cell. Other implementations are described.