A three-dimensional (3D) mirror is provided that includes a glass substrate with a first major surface, a second major surface opposite to the first major surface, and a minor surface connecting the first and second major surfaces. The 3D mirror also includes a reflective layer on the first major surface of the glass substrate. The first major surface comprises an aspheric curvature and a reverse curvature that is disposed in a reverse curve region of the glass substrate. The first major surface has a surface roughness Ra in the reverse curve region of about 3 nm or less, and a peak to valley (PV) surface roughness in the reverse curve region of about 30 nm or less.

The invention relates to a device for bending sheets of glass, comprising an upper bending form and a bending support, the upper bending form and/or the bending support being laterally mobile relative to one another, the bending support comprising a pre-bending mold for the gravity bending of a sheet of glass and a press-bending mold configured for pressing the sheet of glass against the upper form, of these two molds of the bending support one being surrounded by the other when viewed from above, at least one of these two molds of the bending support being able to be given a relative vertical movement with respect to the other.

Proposed are an apparatus and a method of manufacturing a shell for a resonator using a laser. According to the apparatus and method, it is possible to stably manufacture 3D shells for a resonator in various shapes by applying heat through a laser and adjusting the degree of vacuum in a forming frame, it is possible to improve work safety and work efficiency, and it is possible to use various materials that are heated and deformed by a laser other than a glass material, thereby being able to increase generality of manufacturing. In particular, it is possible to accurately implement 3D shapes of a shell for a resonator such as a hemisphere or a semi-toroid, so it is possible to remarkably reduce a defective portion in manufacturing and the manufacturing cost, and considerably improve productivity.

The disclosure relates to fame constructions comprising a glass substrate and a curved surface defining at least one curvature, wherein the engagement of the glass substrate with the curved surface imparts a curvature on the glass substrate.

A method for finishing a glass or ceramic article includes applying a force to the glass or ceramic article. The force is applied to the glass or ceramic article at least when the glass or ceramic article is at a temperature that is greater than or equal to a creep temperature of the glass or ceramic article. Holding the force to the glass or ceramic article as the glass or ceramic article is cooled to a temperature that is less than the creep temperature of the glass or ceramic article.

Embodiments of a laminate including a first curved glass substrate comprising a first viscosity (poises) at a temperature of 630° C.; a second curved glass substrate comprising a second viscosity that is greater than the first viscosity at a temperature of 630° C.; and an interlayer disposed between the first curved glass substrate and the second curved glass substrate, are disclosed. In one or more embodiments, the first curved glass substrate exhibits a first sag depth that is within 10% of a second sag depth of the second curved glass substrate. In one or more embodiments, the first glass substrate and the second glass substrate exhibit a shape deviation therebetween of about ±5 mm or less as measured by an optical three-dimensional scanner or exhibit minimal optical distortion. Embodiments of vehicles including such laminates and methods for making such laminates are also disclosed.

A method of shaping a glass sheet includes providing a glass sheet. Also, a bending station is provided. The bending station includes a first bending tool. The first bending tool has a shaping surface for receiving the glass sheet. The glass sheet is conveyed on a plurality of rollers to a location above the first bending tool. At least a portion of the glass sheet is supported above the first bending tool by delivering a flow of fluid to a major surface of the glass sheet. The glass sheet is deposited on the shaping surface of the first bending tool.

An articulated lower mold arrangement for use with an upper mold includes a mold portion configured to bend a heated glass sheet. The mold portion has a first end, a sharp bend area proximate the first end for bending an end portion of the glass sheet, and a second end opposite the first end and spaced away from the sharp bend area. The arrangement may further include a first guide member connected to the mold portion at a first location proximate the first end, and a second guide member connected to the mold portion at a second location proximate the second end and spaced away from the sharp bend area. The mold portion and the guide members are cooperable to allow the first end of the mold portion to move from a lowered position to a raised position in order to move the end portion of the glass sheet upwardly.

A method for forming a vehicle interior system. In the method, a first glass layer is provided in which the first glass layer has a first major surface and a second major surface. The second major surface is opposite to the first major surface. A second glass layer is provided in which the second glass layer has a third major surface and a fourth major surface. The fourth major surface is opposite to the third major surface. The second major surface is bonded to the third major surface with an adhesive layer to form a glass laminate. The glass laminate is placed on a mold, and the glass laminate is formed at a temperature below a glass transition temperature of each glass layer to form a first curvature.

A method of forming a 3D glass article from a glass sheet includes locating the glass sheet on a mold assembly including a mold surface with a 3D surface profile corresponding to that of the 3D glass article. The glass sheet is heated to a forming temperature. The forming temperature is greater than a temperature of the mold surface. The heated glass sheet is forced onto the mold surface by applying a pressurized gas to a first surface of the glass sheet opposite the mold surface to conform the glass sheet to the mold surface with the glass sheet at the forming temperature that is greater than the temperature of the mold surface.