A particulate material with a composition expressed by M.sub.aAl.sub.bX.sub.c in which “M” includes one or more elements selected from the group consisting of Ti, V, Cr, Zr, Nb, Mo, Hf and Ta and “X” includes C or one or more chemical structures selected from the group consisting of C.sub.(1.0−x)N.sub.x (where “x” is 0<“x”≤1.0), wherein: “a” is two or three; “b” is more than 0.02; and “c” is from 0.8 to 1.2 when “a” is two; or “c” is from 1.8 to 2.6 when “a” is 3. The particulate material has thicknesses whose average value is from 3.5 nm or more to 20 nm or less, and sizes, [{(longer sides)+(shorter sides)}/2], whose average value is from 50 nm or more to 300 nm or less.

An article includes a MAX phase solid and a high temperature melting point metallic material interdispersed with the MAX phase material.

The invention relates to a batch composition for producing a carbon-bonded refractory stone, a method for producing a carbon-bonded refractory stone, and use of Ti.sub.2AlC.

A particulate material with a composition expressed by Ti.sub.2Al.sub.x(C.sub.(1-y)N.sub.y).sub.z (where x is more than 0.02, y is 0<y<1.0, and z is from 0.8 to 1.20), the particulate material comprising layers including gap layers providing an interlayer distance of from 0.59 nm to 0.70 nm within a crystal lattice; and/or with another composition expressed by Ti.sub.3Al.sub.x(C.sub.(1-y)N.sub.y).sub.z (where x is more than 0.02, y is 0<y<1.0, and z is from 1.80 to 2.60), the particulate material comprising layers including gap layers providing an interlayer distance of from 0.44 nm to 0.55 nm within a crystal lattice.

A turbine component such as a turbine blade or a vane of a distributor, which includes a polycrystalline substrate containing grains, the substrate having at least one Ti.sub.3AlC.sub.2 phase and the mass fraction of the phase of the alloy is greater than 97%, with the average length of the grains is less than 50 m, the average width-to-length ratio is between 0.4 and 0.6, and the average mesh volume of the Ti.sub.3AlC.sub.2 phase is less than 152.4 .sup.3.

Techniques herein provide effective smoothing and planarization of various surfaces. Techniques include using multiple particle beams to correct different aspects of a given workpiece. A workpiece needing correction from scratches and roughness is treated with a first particle beam that reduces scratches on a working surface of the workpiece using an inert beam. The workpiece is also treated with a second particle beam that is chemically reactive and reduces step-height values across the working surface of the workpiece, thereby producing a surface with reduced scratches and roughness.

Techniques herein provide effective smoothing and planarization of various surfaces. Techniques include using multiple particle beams to correct different aspects of a given workpiece. A workpiece needing correction from scratches and roughness is treated with a first particle beam that reduces scratches on a working surface of the workpiece using an inert beam. The workpiece is also treated with a second particle beam that is chemically reactive and reduces step-height values across the working surface of the workpiece, thereby producing a surface with reduced scratches and roughness.

A particulate material with a composition expressed by Ti.sub.2Al.sub.x (C.sub.(1-y)N.sub.y).sub.z (where x is more than 0.02, y is 0<y<1.0, and z is from 0.8 to 1.20), the particulate material comprising layers including gap layers providing an interlayer distance of from 0.59 nm to 0.70 nm within a crystal lattice; and/or with another composition expressed by Ti.sub.3Al.sub.x(C.sub.(1-y)N.sub.y).sub.z (where x is more than 0.02, y is 0<y<1.0, and z is from 1.80 to 2.60), the particulate material comprising layers including gap layers providing an interlayer distance of from 0.44 nm to 0.55 nm within a crystal lattice.

A particulate material with a composition expressed by M.sub.aAl.sub.bX.sub.c in which M includes one or more elements selected from the group consisting of Ti, V, Cr, Zr, Nb, Mo, Hf and Ta and X includes C or one or more chemical structures selected from the group consisting of C.sub.(1.0x)N.sub.x (where x is 0<x1.0), wherein: a is two or three; b is more than 0.02; and c is from 0.8 to 1.2 when a is two; or c is from 1.8 to 2.6 when a is 3. The particulate material has thicknesses whose average value is from 3.5 nm or more to 20 nm or less, and sizes, [{(longer sides)+(shorter sides)}/2], whose average value is from 50 nm or more to 300 nm or less.

The present invention(s) is directed to novel conductive M.sub.n+1X.sub.n(T.sub.s) compositions exhibiting high volumetric capacitances, and methods of making the same. The present invention(s) is also directed to novel conductive M.sub.n+1X.sub.n(T.sub.s) compositions, methods of preparing transparent conductors using these materials, and products derived from these methods.