A hard material which, when used as a material of a sintered material, makes it possible to obtain a sintered material with excellent abrasion resistance, a sintered material, a cutting tool including the sintered material, a method for manufacturing the hard material and a method for manufacturing the sintered material are provided. The hard material contains aluminum, nitrogen, and at least one element selected from the group consisting of titanium, chromium, and silicon, and has a cubic rock salt structure.

Particles for a monolithic refractory are made of a spinet porous sintered body which is represented by a chemical formula of MgAl.sub.2O.sub.4, wherein pores having a pore size of 0.01 μm or more and less than 0.8 μm occupy 10 vol % or more and 50 vol % or less with respect to a total volume of pores having a pore size of 10 μm or less in the particles, and the particles for a monolithic refractory have grain size distribution in which particles having a particle size of less than 45 μm occupy 60 vol % or less, particles having a particle size of 45 μm or more and less than 100 μm occupy 20 vol % or more and 60 vol % or less, and particles having a particle size of 100 μm or more and 1000 μm or less occupy 10 vol % or more and 50 vol % or less.

An ink of the formula: 60-80% by weight BaTiO.sub.3 particles coated with SiO.sub.2; 5-50% by weight high dielectric constant glass; 0.1-5% by weight surfactant; 5-25% by weight solvent; and 5-25% weight organic vehicle. Also a method of manufacturing a capacitor comprising the steps of: heating particles of BaTiO.sub.3 for a special heating cycle, under a mixture of 70-96% by volume N.sub.2 and 4-30% by volume H.sub.2 gas; depositing a film of SiO.sub.2 over the particles; mechanically separating the particles; incorporating them into the above described ink formulation; depositing the ink on a substrate; and heating at 850-900° C. for less than 5 minutes and allowing the ink and substrate to cool to ambient in N.sub.2 atmosphere. Also a dielectric made by: heating particles of BaTiO.sub.3 for a special heating cycle, under a mixture of 70-96% by volume N.sub.2 and 4-30% by volume H.sub.2 gas; depositing a film of SiO.sub.2 over the particles; mechanically separating the particles; forming them into a layer; and heating at 850-900° C. for less than 5 minutes and allowing the layer to cool to ambient in N.sub.2 atmosphere.

A piezoelectric composition including copper and a complex oxide having a perovskite structure represented by a general formula ABO.sub.3, in which an A site element in the ABO.sub.3 is potassium or potassium and sodium, a B site element in the ABO.sub.3 is niobium or niobium and tantalum, the copper is included in n mol % in terms of a copper element with respect to 1 mol of the complex oxide, and n satisfies 0.100≤n≤1.000.

Disclosed are embodiments of synthetic garnet materials for use in radiofrequency applications. In some embodiments, increased amounts of bismuth can be added into specific sites in the crystal structure of the synthetic garnet in order to boost certain properties, such as the dielectric constant and magnetization. Accordingly, embodiments of the disclosed materials can be used in high frequency applications, such as in base station antennas.

A sintered MnZn ferrite body containing main components comprising 53.30-53.80% by mol of Fe calculated as Fe.sub.2O.sub.3, 6.90-9.50% by mol Zn calculated as ZnO, and the balance of Mn calculated as MnO, and sub-components comprising 0.003-0.020 parts by mass of Si calculated as SiO.sub.2, more than 0 parts and 0.35 parts or less by mass of Ca calculated as CaCO.sub.3, 0.30-0.50 parts by mass of Co calculated as Co.sub.3O.sub.4, 0.03-0.10 parts by mass of Zr calculated as ZrO.sub.2, and 0-0.05 parts by mass of Ta calculated as Ta.sub.2O.sub.5, pre 100 parts by mass in total of the main components (calculated as the oxides), and having an average crystal grain size of 3 μm or more and less than 8 μm and a density of 4.65 g/cm.sup.3 or more.

The present invention provides an energy storage device comprising a cathode region or other element. The device has a major active region comprising a plurality of first active regions spatially disposed within the cathode region. The major active region expands or contracts from a first volume to a second volume during a period of a charge and discharge. The device has a catholyte material spatially confined within a spatial region of the cathode region and spatially disposed within spatial regions not occupied by the first active regions. In an example, the catholyte material comprises a lithium, germanium, phosphorous, and sulfur (“LGPS”) containing material configured in a polycrystalline state. The device has an oxygen species configured within the LGPS containing material, the oxygen species having a ratio to the sulfur species of 1:2 and less to form a LGPSO material. The device has a protective material formed overlying exposed regions of the cathode material to substantially maintain the sulfur species within the catholyte material. Also included is a novel dopant configuration of the Li.sub.aMP.sub.bS.sub.c (LMPS) [M=Si, Ge, and/or Sn] containing material.

A ferrite sintered magnet contains a main phase formed of ferrite having a hexagonal magnetoplumbite type crystalline structure; a first subphase containing La, Ca, and Fe, in which an atomic ratio of La is higher than that of the main phase, and the atomic ratio of La is higher than an atomic ratio of Ca; and a second subphase containing La, Ca, Si, B, and Fe, in which an atomic ratio of Ca is higher than an atomic ratio of La, an atomic ratio of B is higher than an atomic ratio of Fe, and the atomic ratio of Fe is lower than that of the main phase. An area ratio of the second subphase on a cross-sectional surface of the ferrite sintered magnet is greater than or equal to 1%.

A ceramic material, including: BaWO.sub.4-xM.sub.2CO.sub.3-yBaO-zB.sub.2O.sub.3-wSiO.sup.2, where x=0-0.2 mole, y=0-0.05 mole, z=0-0.2 mole, w=0-0.1 mole, M represents an alkali metal ion selected from Li.sup.+, K.sup.+, Na.sup.+, and x, y, z, and w are not zero at the same time.

A cordierite-based sintered body according to the present invention contains cordierite as a main component and silicon nitride or silicon carbide. The cordierite-based sintered body preferably has a thermal expansion coefficient less than 2.4 ppm/° C. at 40° C. to 400° C., an open porosity of 0.5% or less, and an average grain size of 1 μm or less.