Provided is a laminate with good top layer adhesion and high water resistance. The laminate of the present invention includes a concrete substrate, a primer layer, a reinforcing layer and a fluorine-containing top layer in order of mention, wherein the primer layer contains a component selected from the group consisting of a cured epoxy resin product and a urethane resin, wherein the reinforcing layer contains a resin selected from the group consisting of a urea resin, a urethane resin and a urethane urea resin, and wherein the fluorine content in the top layer is more than 5 mass % and 55 mass % or less.

Provided are a coating composition having good film forming properties in low temperature environments and capable of forming coating films with good adhesion to concrete substrates, and a coated article. The coating composition of the present invention contains a fluoropolymer, a (meth)acrylic polymer and water, wherein a particle size of the (meth)acrylic polymer in the coating composition is 150 nm or more, wherein a glass transition temperature of the (meth)acrylic polymer is 40 C. or lower, wherein each of minimum film forming temperatures of the fluoropolymer and the (meth)acrylic polymer is 50 C. or lower, wherein the absolute value of a difference between the minimum film forming temperatures of the fluoropolymer and the (meth)acrylic polymer is 20 C. or less, and wherein the absolute value of a difference between the particle sizes of the fluoropolymer and the (meth)acrylic polymer is 35 nm or less. The minimum film forming temperature of the fluoropolymer may be 60 C. or lower.

The invention pertains to a process for manufacturing a fluoropolymer hybrid organic/inorganic composite, to fluoropolymer hybrid organic/inorganic composites obtained therefrom and to the use of the same in several fields of use.

A method of coating a surface of a concrete structure in situ, which comprises the step of applying to the surface of the concrete of the concrete structure a liquidous coating of a modified polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) or polyvinylidene difluoride (PVDF) material in an air dryable solution comprising: a PVDF or a PVDF co-polymer or a combination of PVDF and PVDF copolymer to form a blend with a compatible acrylic and/or other compatible polymer that is fluorinated to between about 30% to about 75% by weight excluding any solvent; the PVDF or PVDF co-polymer or blend thereof having at least about 45% PVDF molecular structure by weight when dried; the PVDF or PVDF co-polymer having a polymer crystallinity of at least about 30% by weight; and a solvent.