An extruded, solid honeycomb body comprises a copper-promoted, small pore, crystalline molecular sieve catalyst for converting oxides of nitrogen in the presence of a reducing agent, wherein the crystalline molecular sieve contains a maximum ring size of eight tetrahedral atoms, which extruded, solid honeycomb body comprising: 20-50% by weight matrix component comprising diatomaceous earth, wherein 2-20 weight % of the extruded, solid honeycomb body is diatomaceous earth; 80-50% by weight of the small pore, crystalline molecular sieve ion-exchanged with copper; and 0-10% by weight of inorganic fibres.

A slurry or slip composed of a dispersion medium and a dispersoid including sinterable raw material powder containing a complex oxide powder represented by the following formula (1):

(Tb.sub.1-x-yR.sub.xSc.sub.y).sub.3(Al.sub.1-zSc.sub.z).sub.5O.sub.12(1)

wherein R is yttrium and/or lutetium, 0.05x<0.45, 0<y<0.1, 0.5<1-x-y<0.95, and 0.004<z<0.2 is prepared; the slurry or slip is subsequently enclosed in a mold container to be subjected to solid-liquid separation by centrifugal casting to mold a cast compact; the cast compact is dried thereafter; a dried compact is degreased; a degreased compact is sintered thereafter; and a sintered body is further subjected to a hot isostatic pressing treatment to obtain the transparent ceramic material composed of the sintered body of garnet-type rare earth complex oxide represented by the formula (1).

To a co-precipitating aqueous solution, aqueous solutions containing (a) Tb ions, (b) at least one other rare earth ions selected from the group consisting of Y ions and lanthanoid rare earth ions (excluding Tb ions), (c) Al ions and (d) Sc ions are added; the resulting solution is stirred at a liquid temperature of 50 C. or less to induce a co-precipitate of the components (a), (b), (c) and (d); the co-precipitate is filtered, heated and dehydrated; and the co-precipitate is fired thereafter at from 1,000 C. to 1,300 C., thereby forming a sinterable garnet-type complex oxide powder.

An electrostatic chuck includes a dielectric layer including an oriented alumina sintered body having a degree of c-plane orientation of 5% or more, the degree of c-plane orientation being determined by a Lotgering method using an X-ray diffraction profile obtained by the irradiation of an X-ray in the 2 range of 20 to 70; a ceramic layer integrated with a surface disposed opposite a wafer placement surface of the dielectric layer; and an electrostatic electrode between the dielectric layer and the ceramic layer.

A method of making a carbon-carbon composite part may comprise fabricating a fibrous preform comprising a fiber volume ratio of 25% or greater, heat treating the fibrous preform at a first temperature, infiltrating the fibrous preform with a first ceramic suspension, densifying the fibrous preform by chemical vapor infiltration (CVI) to form a densified fibrous preform, and heat treating the densified fibrous preform at a second temperature of 1600 C. or greater.

Energy storage devices, battery cells, and batteries may include a battery cell component that may be or include a ceramic layer produced by methods including admixing a ceramic with a water-soluble dispersant to form a first mixture. The methods may include admixing an organic polymeric dispersant with the first mixture to form a second mixture. The methods may include admixing a binder with the second mixture to form a slurry. The methods may also include depositing the slurry on a substrate.

In a monolithic refractory, in terms of a proportion in 100 mass % of a refractory raw material having a grain size of 8 mm or smaller, an amount of Ca.sub.XSr.sub.1XAl.sub.2O.sub.4 (where, 0X0.5) is 0.5 mass % or more and 10 mass % or less, and a polyvalent metal salt of oxycarboxylic acid is 0.05 mass % or more and 1.0 mass % or less.

An alumina sintered body according to the present invention includes a surface having a degree of c-plane orientation of 5% or more, the degree of c-plane orientation being determined by a Lotgering method using an X-ray diffraction profile obtained through X-ray irradiation at 2=20 to 70. The alumina sintered body contains Mg and F, a Mg/F mass ratio is 0.05 to 3500, and a Mg content is 30 to 3500 ppm by mass. The alumina sintered body has a crystal grain size of 15 to 200 m. When a field of view of 370.0 m long372.0 m wide is photographed with a 1000-fold magnification and the photograph is visually observed, a number of pores having a diameter of 0.2 to 0.6 m is 250 or less.

A method for producing a transparent alumina sintered body includes (a) the step of preparing an alumina raw material powder containing a plate-like alumina powder having an aspect ratio of 3 or more so that the mass ratio R1 of F to Al in the alumina raw material powder is 5 ppm or more, and forming a compaction raw material containing the alumina raw material powder into a compact, and (b) the step of pressure-sintering the compact at a temperature at which F evaporate to yield a transparent alumina sintered body.

A raw material composition for producing oxygen carriers includes a first component which is one or more of nickel oxide and nickel hydroxide and a second component which is one or more of boehmite, cerium oxide, cerium hydroxide, magnesium oxide, magnesium hydroxide, and titanium oxide, wherein, when the first component is nickel oxide, the second component includes cerium hydroxide. Such a raw material composition for producing oxygen carriers of the present invention is formed into oxygen carriers according to an oxygen carrier producing method, which will be described below, by adjusting the composition, formulation of raw materials, and degree of homogenization. Then, it is possible to produce oxygen carriers having physical properties such as a shape, a particle size, and a particle distribution suitable for a fluidized bed process or a high speed fluidized bed process and having improved wear-resistance, long-term durability, and oxygen transfer performance.