A nitrogen-containing porous carbon material, and a capacitor and a manufacturing method thereof are provided. A carbon material, a macromolecular material and a modified material are mixed into a preform. The modified material includes nitrogen. A formation process is performed on the preform to obtain a formed object. High-temperature sintering is performed on the formed object to decompose and remove a part of the macromolecular material, while the other part of the macromolecular material and the carbon material together form a backbone structure including a plurality of pores. As such, the nitrogen becomes attached to the backbone structure to form a hydrogen-containing functional group to further obtain the nitrogen-containing porous carbon material. The nitrogen-containing porous carbon material may form a first nitrogen-containing porous carbon plate and a second nitrogen-containing porous carbon plate, which are placed in seawater to form a storage capacitor for seawater.

A method of manufacturing nuclear fuel elements may include: forming a base portion of the fuel element by depositing a powdered matrix material including a mixture of a graphite material and a fibrous material; depositing particles on the base portion in a predetermined pattern to form a first particle layer, by controlling the position of each particle in the first particle layer; depositing the matrix material on the first particle layer to form a first matrix layer; depositing particles on the first matrix layer in a predetermined pattern to form a second particle layer by controlling positions of each particle in the second particle layer; depositing the matrix material on the second particle layer to form a second matrix layer; and forming a cap portion of the fuel pebble by depositing the matrix material. The particles in the first particle layer and the second particle layer include nuclear fuel particles.

A negative electrode material for lithium ion secondary batteries, the negative electrode material including particles (A) containing an element capable of occluding/releasing lithium ions other than a carbon element; graphite particles (B) capable of occluding/releasing lithium ions and having a median value of not smaller than 1.4 and not larger than 3.0 in a number-based distribution of aspect ratios of primary particles and carbon fibers (C); wherein a three dimensional web structure is formed from one or more carbon fibers (C), the particles (A) are fusion-bonded to the structure, and the structure is fusion-bonded to at least a part of a surface of the graphite particle (B). Also disclosed is a lithium ion secondary battery obtained using the negative electrode material.

A process for 3D printing Carbon-Carbon Composite precursors and affordably pyrolyzing and graphitizing them to form structural parts suitable for aircraft primary structure (or other applications) at costs competitive with machined metal of fiber-resin parts.

Hybrid composite materials including carbon nanotube sheets and flexible ceramic materials, and methods of making the same are provided herein. In one embodiment, a method of forming a hybrid composite material is provided, the method including: placing a layer of a first flexible ceramic composite on a lay-up tooling surface; applying a sheet of a pre-preg carbon fiber reinforced polymer on the flexible ceramic composite; curing the flexible ceramic composite and the pre-preg carbon fiber reinforced polymer sheet together to form a hybrid composite material; and removing the hybrid composite material from the lay-up tooling surface, wherein the first flexible ceramic composite comprises an exterior surface of the hybrid composite material.

Methods, systems, and apparatus for carrying out rapid on-site optical chemical analysis in oil feeds are described. In one aspect, a system for manufacture of a tool includes a deposition reactor configured for molecular layer deposition or atomic layer deposition of metal powder to manufacture coated particles, a fabrication unit configured for 3D printing of the tool, and a controller that controls the deposition reactor and the fabrication unit, wherein the fabrication unit and the deposition reactor are integrated for automated fabrication of the tool using the coated particles from the deposition reactor as building material for the 3D printing.

One embodiment of the present invention provides a conductive ceramic composition comprising: conductive non-oxide ceramic particles; oxide ceramic particles electrostatically bonded or co-dispersed with the non-oxide ceramic particles; and a binder resin.

Nanoporous selective sol-gel ceramic membranes, selective-membrane structures, and related methods are described. Representative ceramic selective membranes include ion-conductive membranes (e.g., proton-conducting membranes) and gas selective membranes. Representative uses for the membranes include incorporation into fuel cells and redox flow batteries (RFB) as ion-conducting membranes.

A continuous operation method is employed for the microwave high-temperature pyrolysis of a solid material containing an organic matter. The method includes the steps of mixing a solid material containing an organic matter with a liquid organic medium; transferring the obtained mixture to a microwave field; and in the microwave field, continuously contacting the mixture with a strong wave absorption material in an inert atmosphere or in vacuum. The strong wave absorption material continuously generates a high temperature under a microwave such that the solid material containing an organic matter and the liquid organic medium are continuously pyrolyzed to implement a continuous operation.

A porous composite material capable of generating an arc in a microwave field includes an inorganic porous framework and a carbon material loaded on the inorganic porous framework. The average pore size of the inorganic porous framework is 0.2-1000 μm. The porous composite material has an excellent mechanical performance, can generate an arc in a microwave field to quickly generate a high temperature, and thus can be used in fields such as microwave high-temperature heating, biomass pyrolysis, vegetable oil treatment, waste polymer material pyrolysis, petrochemical pyrolysis, carbon-fiber composite material recovery, waste treatment, VOC waste gas treatment, COD wastewater treatment, high-temperature catalysis, waste circuit board full-component recycling, and hydrogen preparation.